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Key Questions:

1. Which organ system is involved in digestion?
   • Digestion happens in the digestive system.
2. Which organs are part of the digestive system?
   • The parts of the digestive system: Mouth, Oesophagus, Stomach, Liver, Pancreas, Small intestine, Large intestine, Appendix, Rectum, Anus.
3. How is food broken down in the mouth?
   • Food is broken down into smaller pieces by chewing in the mouth.
4. What is the result of of having smaller pieces of food?
   • The food will have a larger surface area.
5. How does a larger surface area affect digestion?
   • The surface area of food allows more food - saliva contact which speeds up the rate of digestion.
6. How is food broken down in the stomach?
   • Food is churned in the stomach which physically breaks the food down. Stomach acids help to break down the food chemically.
7. Where are the nutrients from absorbed?
   • The nutrients from the digested food are absorbed into the blood stream in the small intestines.
8. How are nutrients absorbed in the small intestine?
   • Nutrients diffuse from inside the small intestine into the blood vessels surround it.
9. What is the role of the villi? Explain your answer.
   • Microscopic projections called villi increase the surface area of the intestine. Therefore increasing the rate of diffusion of useful Particles from the intestines to the bloodstream.
10. Compare the concentrations of nutrients in the small intestine to the blood surround it.
    • There is a high concentration of nutrients in the intestine and a lower concentration in the blood.
11. Why is there a great concentration gradient?
    • There is a big difference in concentration. There is a short distance between the high concentration and the low concentration.
12. Why is the small intestine so long?
    • The small intestine is long to maximise the time in which diffusion can happen and so get the most from the food that we eat.
13. What happens to the excess water?
    • Excess water is absorbed back into the blood stream through the large intestines.
14. What is faeces?
    • Undigested food passes out of the anus as faeces when we go to the toilet.