Memory Anchor:

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  Challenge:

Key Questions:

1. What is the structure and function of each of the following: a) heart, b) lungs?
   • The structure and function of the heart and lungs are: a) Heart - muscle, 4 chambers, left and right side, function is to pump blood around the body. b) lungs - large surface area, gas exchange surface.
2. How are lungs adapted for gaseous exchange?
   • The lungs are adpated for gas exchange as they have a large surface area, moist lining, copious blood supply, maintain concetration gradient (ventilation and blood moving through), short diffusion distance.
3. How is blood pumped around the body in the human circulatory system?
   • The blood is pumped around the body in a double circulatory system.
4. Where does the left ventricle pump blood to and where does the right ventricle pump to?
   • The right ventricle pumps blood to the lungs where gas exchange takes place. The left ventricle pumps blood around the rest of the body.
5. What are the names and functions of the blood vessels in the heart?
   • The main structures in the heart and their functions are: Aorta: a thick walled artery that carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body Vena Cava: a thinner walled vein that carries deoxygenated blood back to the heart Pulmonary artery: a thick walled artery that carries deoxygenated blood away from the heart to the lungs Coronary arteries: carry oxygenated blood to the heart muscle
6. What are the names and functions of the main structures in the lungs?
   • The main structures in the lungs and their functions are: Trachea: is a wide, hollow tube that connects the larynx (or voice box) to the bronchi of the lungs Bronchi: main passage of air into the lungs Alveoli: tiny sacs with large surface area that allow oxygen and carbon dioxide to move between the lungs and bloodstream Capillary network: very thin blood vessels that surround the avleoli for rapid gas exchange
7. What controls the natural resting heart rate?
   • The natural resting heart rate is controlled by a group of Cells located in the right atrium that act as a pacemaker.
8. What are artificial pacemakers?
   • Artificial pacemakers are electrical devices used to correct irregularities in the heart rate.