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Key Questions:

1. What organ monitors and controls blood glucose concentration?
   • Blood glucose concentration is monitored and controlled by the pancreas.
2. How does the pancreas control blood glucose levels?
   • If the blood glucose concentration is too high, the pancreas produces the hormone insulin that causes glucose to move from the blood into the Cells.
3. What do the liver and muscle cells do to excess glucose?
   • In the liver and muscle Cells excess glucose is converted to glycogen for storage.
4. How does insulin control blood glucose levels?
   • When insulin is released it causes the liver to convert more glucose into glycogen.
5. What is type 1 diabetes and how is it treated?
   • Type 1 diabetes is a disorder in which the pancreas fails to produce sufficient insulin. It is characterised by uncontrolled high blood glucose levels and is normally treated with insulin injections.
6. What is type 2 diabetes and how is it controlled?
   • In Type 2 diabetes the body Cells no longer respond to insulin produced by the pancreas. A carbohydrate controlled diet and an exercise regime are common treatments.
7. Which diabetes is obesity a risk factor for?
   • Obesity is a risk factor for Type 2 diabetes.
8. (HT) How does the body increase the blood glucose concentration?
   • (HT only) If the blood glucose concentration is too low, the pancreas produces the hormone glucagon that causes glycogen to be converted into glucose and released into the blood.
9. (HT) How does glucagon control blood glucose levels?
   • (HT only) Glucagon interacts with insulin in a negative feedback cycle to control blood glucose (sugar) levels in the body.