Memory Anchor:

• Super Challenge:

  Stretch:

  Challenge:

Key Questions:

1. What is DNA?
   • DNA is a polymer made of four different nucleotides.
2. What controls which amino acid is made during protien synthesis?
   • A sequence of three bases is the code for a particular amino acid.
3. What controls which protien is made during protien synthesis?
   • The order of bases controls the order in which amino acids are assembled to produce a particular protein.
4. What are the different parts of DNA strcuture?
   • The long strands of DNA consist of alternating sugar and phosphate sections. Attached to each sugar is one of the four bases
5. What is the structure of a DNA polymer?
   • The DNA polymer is made up of repeating nucleotide units.
6. What are the steps in protein synthesis? What happens in these steps?
   • The two steps in protein synthesis are transcription and translocation. During transcription an enzyme unwinds the DNA strands to make up two strands of RNA. Here complimentary bases match up with the RNA to form new strands. Then any sections of unused RNA are transcribed into proteins.
7. How does the structure of DNA affect the protien that is made during protien synthesis?
   • A set of three bases codes for a particular amino acid. The order of bases controls the order of animo acids, this controls what protien is made
8. How do genetic variants influence a persons phenotype through coding DNA and non coding DNA?
   • Coding DNA - by altering the activity of a protein Non-coding DNA - by altering how genes are expressed
9. What are the DNA base pairs?
   • In the complementary strands a C is always linked to a G on the opposite strand and a T to an A.
10. How can a change in DNA structure result in a change in the protein synthesised by a gene?
    • A differnet order of DNA base pairs will cause a different amino acid to be made, this in turn could produce a different protein
11. Where does protein synthesis take place in a cell?
    • Proteins are synthesised on ribosomes, according to a template.
12. What is the role of a carrier molecule in protein synthesis?
    • (HT only) Carrier molecules brings specific amino acids to add to the growing protein chain in the correct order
13. Why is a proteins unique shape important?
    • This unique shape enables the proteins to do their job as enzymes, hormones or forming structures in the body such as collagen.