Thursday 4th September
TODAY WE ARE
LEARNING ABOUT
 Why are giant covalent structures useful?
TODAY'S
KEY WORDS ARE
  • M_t_ll_c  b_nd_ng
  •   Th_s  _s  why  m_t_ls  h_v_  h_gh  m_lt_ng  p__nts  _nd  b__l_ng  p__nts.
  • M_t_ll_c  b_nd_ng  _s  th_  str_ng  _ttr_ct__n  b_tw__n  cl_s_ly  p_ck_d  p_s_t_v_  m_t_l  __ns  _nd  _  's__'  _f  d_l_c_l_s_d  _l_ctr_ns.
  • M_lt_ng  p__nt
  • D_l_c_l_s_d
  • Gr_ph_t_
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    Key Questions:

    1. Why is diamond so hard, in terms of its structure and bonding?
      • each carbon atom forms four covalent bonds with other carbon atoms in a giant covalent structure, so diamond is very hard, has a very high melting point and does not conduct electricity.
    2. Why do metals tend to have high melting and boiling points?
      • Metals have giant structures of atoms with strong metallic bonding. This means that most metals have high melting and boiling points.
    3. How many bonds does each carbon atom form in graphite and how does this impact it's structure?
      • In graphite, each carbon atom forms three covalent bonds with three other carbon atoms, forming layers of hexagonal rings which have no covalent bonds between the layers.
    4. What happens to the spare electron that remains unused in a covalent bond in graphite?
      • It becomes delocalised (shared between atoms)
    5. Why do giant covalent structures have very high melting and boiling points?
      • Their covalent bonds must be overcome in order for them to melt or boil, meaning large amounts of Energy are required..
    6. Why is graphite soft and slippery?
      • Because individual layer of graphite are only held together by weak intermolecular Forces, allowing them to easily slide away from each other.
    7. How is graphite similar to metals?
      • Graphite is similar to metals in that is has delocalised electrons.
    8. What makes graphene useful in electronics and composites?
      • Graphene is a single layer of graphite and has properties that make it useful in electronics and composites.
    9. What are the properties of carbon nanotubes and what do their properties make them useful for?
      • Carbon nanotubes are cylindrical fullerenes with very high length to diameter ratios. Their properties make them useful for nanotechnology, electronics and materials.
    10. What are the properties of graphene in terms of its structure and bonding?
      • - One atom thick, so is 2D in structure. - Strong, as each layer of graphene is held together by strong covalent bonds. - Able to conduct electricity and heat, due to each carbon giving up a delocalised electron.
    11. What are fullerenes and what is their structure?
      • Fullerenes are molecules of carbon atoms with hollow shapes. The structure of fullerenes is based on hexagonal rings of carbon atoms but they may also contain rings with five or seven carbon atoms.
    12. Name three uses of fullerenes?
      • Fullerenes can be used as carbon nanotubes to reinForce graphite in tennis rackets, semiconductors in electrical circuits, and as nanotubes as a container from transporting a drug in the body.