Memory Anchor:

• Super Challenge:

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  Challenge:

Key Questions:

1. How can crude oil be separated into fractions?
   • The many hydrocarbons in crude oil may be separated into fractions, each of which contains molecules with a similar number of carbon atoms, by fractional distillation.
2. Why is it useful to separate crude oil into fractions?
   • The fractions can be processed to produce fuels and feedstock for the petrochemical industry.
3. What type of fuels are produced from crude oil?
   • Many of the fuels on which we depend for our modern lifestyle, such as petrol, diesel oil, kerosene, heavy fuel oil and liquefied petroleum gases, are produced from crude oil.
4. What are three examples of useful materials produced by the petrochemical industry?
   • Many useful materials on which modern life depends are produced by the petrochemical industry, such as solvents, lubricants, polymers, detergents.
5. Why is it possible to produce such a vast array of products from crude oil?
   • The vast array of natural and synthetic carbon compounds occur due to the ability of carbon atoms to form families of similar compounds.
6. How does fractional distillation separate crude oil into fractions?
   • Fractional distillation seperates crude oil first by vaporisating all compounds, a column of varying temperatures allows molecules with similar condensation points to be seperated. This is due to their carbon chain length
7. What factor of effects a hydrocarbons boiling point, viscosity and flammability?
   • The factor that effects a hydrocarbons boiling point, viscosity and flammability is the size of their molecule
8. How does boiling point, viscosity and flammability change with increasing molecular size?
   • As molecular size of hydrocarbons increases the boiling point increases, the viscosity increases and flammability decreases.