P2 - Knowledge Test

Candidate Name:
1) What is a force?
2) What is the difference between contact and non-contact forces?
3) What examples are there of contact forces?
4) What examples are there of non-contact forces?
5) What is the interaction pair between a book being pushed across a table, where a force is produced on each object?
6) What is meant by the term ‘vector quantity’ in terms of forces?
7) What do all vector quantities have?
8) How is an arrow used to represent a vector quantity?
9) How are scalar quantities different from vector quantities?
10) How is resultant force calculated?
11) What is the resultant force for an aeroplane accelerating with a force of 2300 N when the reaction force of air resistance is 1900 N.
12) What forces are acting on a car that is speeding up?
13) What is the resultant force for an object in each of the two examples below? 1) http://bit.ly/2EF4n0D 2) http://bit.ly/2BEpgGo
14) What happens when two component forces at right angles act together?
15) What piece of equipment is used to measure weight?
16) What is the relationship between the weight of an object and the mass of an object?
17) What does gravitational field strength depend on?
18) What is weight and what causes the force of gravity close to the Earth?
19) What is the name of the single point of an object where the weight is considered to act?
20) What equation is used to calculate weight? Include the SI units.
21) What is happening when is work done on an object?
22) When does a force do work on an object?
23) What is one joule of work done equal to?
24) How many joules are in 76 Nm?
25) What equation is used to calculate work done by a force on an object? Include SI units.
26) What is the energy transfer that occurs when work is done?
27) When work is done against the frictional forces acting on an object what happens to the temperature of the object?
28) What forces are involved in stretching, bending or compressing an object?
29) Why, to change the shape of an object (by stretching, bending or compressing), does more than one force have to be applied?
30) What is the relationship between the work done on the spring and the elastic potential energy stores?
31) What is the difference between elastic deformation and inelastic deformation caused by stretching forces?
32) What is the relationship between extension and force for an elastic object, such as a spring?
33) What is the equation that links force, spring constant and extension? Include SI units.
34) What is the difference between a linear and non-linear relationship between force and extension?
35) What equation is used to calculate elastic potential energy?
36) What causes an object to rotate?
37) What examples are there in which forces cause rotation?
38) What is the turning effect of a force called?
39) What equation is used to calculate the moment of a force? Include SI units.
40) When the total clockwise moment about a pivot equals the total anticlockwise moment about that pivot how are the forces described?
41) What can be used to transmit the rotational effects of a force?
42) How do levers and gears transmit the rotational effects of forces?
43) What is distance a measure of?
44) Is speed a vector or a scalar quantity and why?
45) Is distance a vector or scalar quantity and why?
46) Is the speed of a moving object normally constant?
47) What is displacement a meaure of?
48) What are the typical speeds and factors that affect the speeds of people walking, running and cycling?
49) Is displacement a vector or scalar quantity and why?
50) Is the speed of sound normally constant?
51) What is the typical speed of sound in air?
52) What is the equation used to calculate the distance travelled and what are the units involved?
53) What is the equation used to calculate the average speed for non-uniform motion?
54) What is velocity a measure of?
55) How can the distance travelled by an object in a straight line be represented?
56) Is velocity a vector or scalar quantity and why?
57) How can the speed of an object be calculated from a distance-time graph?
58) What are the vector - scalar pairs?
59) (HT only) If an object is accelerating, how can the speed at a time be determined from a distance-time graph?
60) (HT only) What is constant and what is changing during circular motion?
61) What axis does time go on for a distance-time graph?
62) What is the equation used to calculate the average acceleration of an object and what are the units involved?
63) What does decelerating mean?
64) (Physics only)
65) How can the acceleration of an object be calculated from a velocity-time graph?
66) What equation applies to uniform acceleration and what are the units involved?
67) What acceration does an object falling freely under gravity, near the Earth?s surface any object have?
68) What axis does time go on for a velocity-time graph?
69) (HT only) How can the distance travelled be calculated from a velocity-time graph?
70) (HT only)
71) (HT only) For curved lines on a velocity-time graph, how can the area be measured?
72) Why do objects falling through a fluid reach a terminal velocity?
73) What is Newton's Third Law?
74) What would happen to an object if the resultant force acting upon it is zero and the object is stationary?
75) What would happen to an object if the resultant force acting upon it is zero and the object is moving?
76) How can Newton's Third Law be applied to examples of equilibrium?
77) What is the equation that links resultant force, mass and acceleration?
78) If the resistive forces balance the driving force what happens to the vehicle in terms of speed?
79) When will the velocity (speed and/or direction) of an object change?
80) How can Newtons first law be applied to the motion of an object moving with uniform velocity and objects where the speed and/or direction changes?
81) What is Newton's second law?
82) What is the typical mass of a cyslist, car and lorry?
83) what is the momentum equation and units?
84) two model cars collide reversing into one another), the blue car has a of mass 1.2Kg and the red car has a mass of 1.4 kg they collide at speeds of 0.5m/s (blue) and 0.2m/s (red) what is the velocity of the cars after the collision?
85) The equations F = m × a and a = ( v - u ) / t combine to give what equation?
86) (HT only) What is the definition of inertial mass?
87) What is conservation of momentum?
88) In terms of rate of change of momentum, how do different examples of safety features work?
89) What is the symbol that indicates an approximate value or approximate answer?
90) Explain what happens to momentum in a collision?
91) What is inertial mass a measure of?
92) (HT only) What is the definition of inertia?
93) What are poor vehicle conditions limited to?
94) What is the definition of stoppong distance?
95) What can the braking distance of a vehicle be affected by?
96) What affect would an increased speed for a given breaking force have on stopping distance?
97) What are adverse road conditions?
98) Does every person have the same reaction time? Explain
99) What is the typical value range for the reaction time of a typical person?
100) How can a driver's reaction time be affected?
101) (Physics only) How does the distance for a vehicle to make an emergency stop vary over a range of speeds typical for that vehicle.
102) What else could affect a driver's ability to react?
103) Whatwould the estimate of the distance required for road vehicles to stop in an emergency varies over a range of speeds be; 30mph, 40mph and 60mph?
104) (Physics only)
105) What methods could be used to measure human reaction times?
106) When a force is applied to the brakes of a vehicle, how does the work done by the forces between the brakes affect the kinetic energy and temperature of the brakes?
107) How could you interpret and evaluate the following results; person A had a reaction time of 3s, Person B had a reaction time of 4s and person C has a reaction time of 9s?
108) what is the relationship between the speed of a vehicle and the braking force needed to stop the vehicle?
109) How does increasing the braking force affect deceleration and brake heat?
110) What are the dangers caused by large decelerations?
111) (HT only) What is the force if the mass of a vehicle os 2000Kg and the acceleration is 12m/s/s?
112) Name the two different types of waves.
113) What are the ripples on a water surface examples of?
114) What types of waves show areas of compression and rarefaction.
115) What type of wave is a sound wave?
116) What is the difference between longitudinal and transverse waves.
117) Do the waves in air or the wave in the water travel?
118) How can you describe wave motion?
119) How can you describe wave motion?
120) How can you describe wave motion?
121) How can you describe wave motion?
122) What is meant by amplitude of wave.
123) What is meant by wavelength?
124) What is the frequency of a wave?
125) What does period and frequency equal to?
126) What is wave speed?
127) What is the equation that links the frequency, wave speed and wavelength?
128) Identify amplitude and wavelength from given diagrams
129) What method could be used to measure the speed of sound waves in air.
130) What method would you use to work out the speed of ripples on a water surface?
131) (Physics only) What affects a sound wave?
132) (Physics Only) What type of wave has a frequency higher than the upper limit of hearing for humans?
133) (HT and Physics Only) What evidence did study of seismic waves provide?
134) (Physics Only) What produces Seismic waves?
135) (Physics Only) What type of wave is a P wave?
136) (Physics Only) What type of wave is a S wave?
137) (Physics Only) What can S waves not travel through?
138) (Physics Only) What do P-waves and S-waves provide evidence for?
139) (HT and Physics Only) How can objects in deep water be detected?
140) (Physics only) How do sound waves travel?
141) (Physics only) What causes the sensation of sound?
142) (Physics only) What restricts the limits of human hearing?
143) (Physics only) What causes wave disturbances between sound waves and vibrations in solids?
144) (Physics only)
145) (Physics only) What is the normal range of human hearing?
146) (Physics Only) How is the light in the visible light spectrum different?
147) (Physics Only)What types of waves are electromagnetic?
148) (Physics Only) What type of spectrum do Electromagnetic waves form?
149) (Physics Only) What type of speed to electromagnetic waves travel?
150) (Physics Only) How are the electromagnetic waves grouped?
151) What is the order of electromagnetic waves from biggest wavelength to shortest wavelength?
152) (Physics Only) What type of electromagnetic waves do human eyes detect?
153) List the practical applications of electromagnetic waves.
154) (HT only) How are radio waves produced?
155) How can electromagnetic waves be generated?
156) What types of waves are hazardous on human body tissue.
157) How are gamma rays generated?
158) What effects can Ultraviolet waves cause to the skin?
159) What are three ways that show energy is transferred by electromagnetic waves?
160) What effects the outcome of being exposed to radiation?
161) What are the risks and consequences of exposure to radiation?
162) What type of electromagnetic waves are ionising?
163) (HT only) What type of current is produced when radiowaves are absorbed?
164) (HT only) How can the wavelength of electromagnetic waves be varied?
165) What units is radiation measured in?
166) How many millisieverts are there in 1 sievert?
167) (HT only) Why is each type of electromagnetic wave suitable for practical application?
168) (Physics only) Do only perfect black bodies (objects) emit radiation?
169) (HT only) (Physics only) What is happening in terms of radiation and emission when a body is at a constant temperature?
170) (Physics only) At what temperature do all bodies (objects) emit and absorb infrared radiation?
171) (Physics only) What is the relationship between temperature and radiation of infrared radiation?
172) (Physics only) What colour object would be the best absorbed and emitter of radiation?
173) (Physics only) What factors affect the intensity and wavelength distribution of emissions from a body (object)?
174) (Physics only) What is a perfect black body (object)?
175) (HT only) (Physics only) What happens when the temperature of a body (object) increases?
176) (HT only) (Physics only) What factors can affect the temperature of the Earth?
177) (HT only) (Physics only) Give an example of when the balance between incoming radiation absorbed and radiation emitted results in a constant temperature of a body (object)
178) (HT only) (Physics only) What affect to the temperature of the Earth's atmosphere would an increase in radiation absorbed have?
179) How are waves absorbed or transmitted?
180) (Physics only) What is spectacular reflection?
181) (Physics only) What is diffused reflection?
182) Where are rays reflected from?
183) What can the time taken for the reflections to reach a detector be used to determine?
184) (Physics Only)How could a ray diagram to illustrate the reflection of a wave at a surface?
185) What happens to Ultrasound waves when they meet a boundary?
186) (Physics Only) Explain how the differences in velocity, absorption and reflection between different types of wave in solids and liquids can be used both for detection and exploration of structures which are hidden from direct observation?
187) How should ray diagrams to illustrate the refraction, be constructed?
188) (HT only) What is the cause of refraction?
189) (HT only) How can refraction be explained?
190) (Physics Only)What are the effects of reflection, transmission and absorption of waves at material interfaces?
191) (Physics Only)What is the focal length?
192) (Physics only) What is the equation that links image height, magnification and object height?
193) (Physics only) What are the units for magnification?
194) (Physics only) What is the unit for image height?
195) (Physics Only) How can images by convex and concave lenses be represented?
196) (Physics Only) How could you illustrate the similarities and differences between convex and concave lenses?
197) (Physics Only) How are convex lenses represented in ray diagrams?
198) (Physics Only) How are concave lenses represented in ray diagrams?
199) (Physics Only) What type of images can be produced by convex lens?
200) (Physics Only) What type of image can be produced by concave lens?
201) (Physics Only) How does a lens form an image?
202) (Physics Only) How is a convex lens used to focus an image?
203) (Physics only) How do colour filters work?
204) (Physics only) How is the colour of an opaque object determined?
205) (Physics only) What colour is observed when all wavelengths of light are reflected equally?
206) (Physics only) What is the difference between a transparent and translucent object?
207) (Physics only) What happens to wavelengths of light that are not reflected by an object?
208) (Physics only) What colour is observed if all wavelengths of light are absorbed?
209) (Physics only) In terms of light, why does an object appears to be red and translucent?
210) (Physics only) How can an orange light be produced using coloured filters?
211) (Physics only) In terms of light, why does an object appear to be green and opaque?
212) What are the poles of a magnet?
213) What is the magnetic field?
214) What force is always between a magnet and a magnetic material?
215) What happens when two magnets are brought close together?
216) What does the strength of the magnetic field depend on and where is it the strongest?
217) What happens when two like poles are brought together?
218) What affects the direction of the magnetic field?
219) What happens when two unlike poles are brought together?
220) What direction does the magnetic field line go in?
221) What type of force are attraction and repulsion between magnetic poles examples of?
222) What causes a magnetic compass to follow the direction of the Earth's magnetic field?
223) What is a permanent magnet?
224) How can a plotting compass be used to plot the magnetic field pattern of a magnet?
225) What is an induced magnet?
226) What force does induced magnetism always cause?
227) Why does a compass point North?
228) What happens to an induced magnet when it's removed from the magnetic field?
229) How do the poles of the magnets interact?
230) What is the difference between permanent and induced magnets
231) What happens when a current flows through a conducting wire?
232) What does the strength of the magnetic field depends on?
233) How does shaping a wire into a solenoid affect strength of the magnetic field?
234) What is the magnetic field like inside a solenoid?
235) What is the shape of the magnetic field around a solenoid?
236) How does adding an iron core affect the magnetic field?
237) What is an electromagnet?
238) Describe how the magnetic effect of a current can be demonstrated
239) What does the magnetic field around a straight wire look like?
240) How does a solenoid arrangement increase the magnetic effect of the current?
241) (Physics only)
242) (HT only) What is meant by the motor effect?
243) What factors affect the size of the forces on the conductor?
244) How is magnetic flux density calculated? Include SI units.
245) What is the basis of an electric motor?
246) How does the force on a conductor in a magnetic field causes the rotation of the coil in an electric motor?
247) (Physics only) How do loudspeakers and headphones use the motor effect?
248) (Physics only) How do moving coil loudspeakers and headphones work?
249) (Physics only) How are potential differences induced across the ends of conductors?
250) (Physics only) What is the generator effect?
251) (Physics only) What effect does an induced current have?
252) (Physics only) What factors affect the size of the induced potential difference or induced current?
253) (Physics only) What are the principles of the generator effect?
254) (Physics only) How does the generator effect generate A.C in an alternator? What factors can affect the current in an alternator?
255) (Physics only) How does the generator effect generate D.C in an dynamo?
256) (Physics only) What would the graph showing potential difference generated in the coil against time look like?
257) (Physics only) What do microphones convert into variations in current in electrical
258) (Physics only) Explain how a moving-coil microphone works?
259) (Physics only) How does the equation linking the pds and number of turns in the two coils of a transformer link to the to the currents and the power transfer involved. Relate these to the advantages of power transmission at high potential difference.
260) (Physics only) What is the basic structure of a transformer?
261) (Physics only) Which metal is used for the core in transformers?
262) (Physics only) The ratio of the potential differences across the primary and secondary coils of a transformer (Vp and Vs) depends upon the ratio of what?
263) (Physics only) In a step-up transformer which has the greatest potential difference, primary (Vp) or secondary (Vs) coils?
264) (Physics only) In a step-down transformer which has the greatest potential difference, primary (Vp) or secondary (Vs) coils?
265) (Physics only) What would the relationship be between total power input and output in a transformer if it were 100% efficient?
266) (Physics only) Vp x Ip = the ______ _______ (primary coil). power input Vs x Is = the _______ ______ (secondary coil)power output
267) (Physics only)Explain how the effect of an alternating current induces a current in another transformer.
268) (Physics only) How does the ratio of the potential differences across the two coils depends on the ratio of the number of turns on each?
269) (Physics only) What calculation liks power, current and voltage?
270) (Physics only) What is contained within our solar system?
271) (Physics only) What are natural satellites?
272) (Physics only) What is our solar system part of?
273) (Physics only) How are new elements formed?
274) (Physics only) What is a star's life cycle determined by?
275) (Physics only) What was the sun formed from and how?
276) (Physics only) How do the fusion reactions in a star begin?
277) (Physics only) What do these fusion reactions lead to?
278) (Physics only) How are all the naturally occurring elements formed?
279) (Physics only) Which elements are produced in a supernova?
280) (Physics only) How are elements distributed around the universe?
281) (Physics only) What allows the planets and satellites to maintain their circular orbits?
282) (Physics only) (HT only) What effect does gravity have on circular orbits?
283) (Physics only) (HT only) What must happen to the radius of an orbit if the speed increases?
284) (Physics only) What happens to the red-shift of receding galaxies and why?
285) (Physics only) What is red-shift?
286) (Physics only) What makes red-shift increase?
287) (Physics only) How does red-shift support the Big Bang theory?
288) (Physics only) What does the Big Bang theory suggest?
289) (Physics only) What have scientists observed of distant galaxies since 1998?
290) (Physics only) What evidence is there of an expanding universe?
291) (Physics only) How does Red-shift provide evidence for the Big Bang model?
292) (Physics only) What evidence is there for the Big Bang theory?
293) (Physics only) Do we know everything about the universe? If not give examples of things we don't yet understand.
294) How do the Big Ideas link to this topic?

a) Forces:

b) Particles:

c) Energy:

d) Cells: