4th Sep '25

C2 Keywords

C2120
  1. Activation energy (3) - C2:3
    • The energy required to start a chemical reaction.
  2. Rate (3) - C2:3
    • The speed at which a chemical reaction proceeds.
  3. Concentration (3) - C2:3
    • the amount of a substance per defined space. (often measured as mol/dm3 or g/dm3)
  4. Chemical reaction (2) - C2:2
    • A process that leads to the chemical transformation of one set of chemical substances to another.
  5. Pressure (2) - C2:2
    • The force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed.
  6. Boiling point (2) - C2:2
    • The temperature at which a liquid boils and turns to vapour.
  7. Bronze (1) - C2:1
  8. Alloys (1) - C2:1
  9. Rusting (1) - C2:1
  10. Brass (1) - C2:1
  11. Composite (1) - C2:1
  12. Steel (1) - C2:1
  13. Ceramic (1) - C2:1
  14. Reactivity (1) - C2:1
  15. oil (1) - C2:1
  16. corrosion (1) - C2:1
  17. . (1) - C2:1
  18. Quantitative test (1) - C2:1
  19. air (1) - C2:1
  20. Polymer (1) - C2:1
  21. Sacrficial metal (1) - C2:1
  22. with the same functional group but differing in composition by a fixed group of atoms. (1) - C2:1
  23. Oxidation (1) - C2:1
  24. Water (1) - C2:1
  25. Density (1) - C2:1
  26. Ethene (1) - C2:1
  27. Covalent (1) - C2:1
  28. Carbon Fibre (1) - C2:1
  29. Monomer (1) - C2:1
  30. Polymer (1) - C2:1
  31. Peer review (1) - C2:1
    • 1.evaluation of scientific, academic, or professional work by others working in the same field.
  32. Carbon footprint (1) - C2:1
    • A carbon footprint is historically defined as the total emissions caused by an individual, event, organisation, or product, expressed as carbon dioxide equivalent.
  33. Endothermic (1) - C2:1
    • A chemical reaction takes in energy from the surroundings.
  34. Exothermic (1) - C2:1
    • A chemical reaction that transfers energy to the surroundings.
  35. Reversible (1) - C2:1
    • A chemical reaction where the reactants form products that, in turn, react together to give the reactants back.
  36. Halide (1) - C2:1
    • A compound containing a group 7 element.
  37. Fuel (1) - C2:1
    • A material such as coal, gas, or oil that is burned to produce energy.
  38. Surface area (1) - C2:1
    • A measure of the total area that the surface of the object occupies.
  39. Denitrification (1) - C2:1
    • A microbially facilitated process where nitrate is reduced and ultimately produces molecular nitrogen..
  40. Formulation (1) - C2:1
    • A mixture where components are carefully measured before being mixed to give a desired set of properties.
  41. Solution (1) - C2:1
    • A mixture where one of the substances is dissolved within another.
  42. Ore (1) - C2:1
    • A naturally occurring solid material from which a metal or valuable mineral can be extracted profitably.
  43. Enzyme (1) - C2:1
    • A protein manufactured by a cell, that acts as a biological catalyst.
  44. Acid rain (1) - C2:1
    • A rain or any other form of precipitation that is unusually acidic.
  45. Finite (1) - C2:1
    • A resource that does not renew itself at a sufficient rate for sustainable economic extraction in meaningful human time-frames.
  46. Dilute (1) - C2:1
    • A solution containing a relatively small quantity of solute as compared with the amount of solvent.
  47. Pure (1) - C2:1
    • A substance made up of only one element and compound.
  48. Catalyst (1) - C2:1
    • A substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction, but is not consumed. Works by lowering the activation energy.
  49. Chromatography (1) - C2:1
    • A technique for the separation of a mixture by passing it in solution or suspension through a medium in which the components move at different rates.
  50. Lime water (1) - C2:1
    • An aqueous solution of calcium hydroxide.
  51. Ion (1) - C2:1
    • An atom that has either gained or lost electrons.
  52. Collision (1) - C2:1
    • An event in which two or more bodies exert forces on each other for a relatively short time.
  53. Renewable (1) - C2:1
    • Are collected renewable resources, which are naturally replenished on a human timescale.
  54. Electrolysis (1) - C2:1
    • Chemical decomposition produced by passing an electric current through a liquid or solution containing ions.
  55. Recycle (1) - C2:1
    • Convert waste materials into reusable products.
  56. Analysis (1) - C2:1
    • Detailed examination of the elements or structure of something.
  57. Bioleaching (1) - C2:1
    • Extraction of metals from their ores through the use of living organisms.
  58. Rf Value (1) - C2:1
    • In chromatography is the distance travelled by a given component divided by the distance travelled by the solvent front.
  59. Sterilise (1) - C2:1
    • Make (something) free from bacteria or other living microorganisms.
  60. Reduce (1) - C2:1
    • Make smaller or less in amount, degree, or size.
  61. Raw material (1) - C2:1
    • The basic material from which a product is made.
  62. Condensation (1) - C2:1
    • The conversion of a vapour or gas to a liquid.
  63. Purity (1) - C2:1
    • The measure of how pure a substance is.
  64. Frequency (1) - C2:1
    • The number of occurrences of a repeating event per unit of time.
  65. Stationary phase (1) - C2:1
    • The phase of a chromatography system on which the materials to be separated are selectively adsorbed.
  66. Phytomining (1) - C2:1
    • The planting (and subsequent harvesting) of vegetation that will selectively concentrate specific metals from the soil into their tissues.
  67. Dynamic Equilibrium (1) - C2:1
    • The point at which both forward and backward reactions are taking place at the same rate. The concentrations of the reactants and products are constant, but are not necessarily equal.
  68. Photosynthesis (1) - C2:1
    • The process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize nutrients from carbon dioxide and water.
  69. Desalination (1) - C2:1
    • The process of removing salt from seawater.
  70. Purification (1) - C2:1
    • The removal of contaminants from something.
  71. Le Chatelier (1) - C2:1
    • The scientist who developed the theory used to predict the effect of changing conditions upon a chemical equilibrium.
  72. Product (1) - C2:1
    • The species formed from chemical reactions.
  73. Reactant (1) - C2:1
    • The starting materials in a chemical reaction.
  74. Melting point (1) - C2:1
    • The temperature at which a given solid will melt.
  75. Instrumental method (1) - C2:1
    • The use of instruments to separate, identify, and quantify matter.
  76. Climate (1) - C2:1
    • The weather conditions prevailing in an area in general or over a long period.
  77. Qualitative test (1) - C2:1
    • This type of test identifies whether a substance is present, but not how much of it exists. A common example would be using a pH indicator to see if an acid is present.
  78. Reuse (1) - C2:1
    • Use again or more than once.
  79. Life cycle assessment (1) - C2:1
    • Used as a tool to assess the environmental impacts of a product, process or activity throughout its life cycle.
  80. Sewage (1) - C2:1
    • Waste water and excrement conveyed in sewers
  81. Potable (1) - C2:1
    • Water that is safe to drink.
  82. Greenhouse gas (1) - C2:1
    • a gas that contributes to the greenhouse effect by absorbing infrared radiation.
  83. Hydrocarbon (1) - C2:1
    • a molecule consisting of only hydrogen and carbon.
  84. Fossil fuel (1) - C2:1
    • a natural fuel such as coal or gas, formed in the geological past from the remains of living organisms.
  85. Homologous (1) - C2:1
    • a series of chemical compounds
  86. Aqueous solution (1) - C2:1
    • a solution where the solvent is water.
  87. Equilibrium (1) - C2:1
    • a state in which a process and its reverse are occurring at equal rates so that no overall change is taking place.
  88. Synthetic (1) - C2:1
    • a substance made by chemical synthesis, especially to imitate a natural product.
  89. Enzymes (1) - C2:1
    • a substance produced by a living organism which acts as a catalyst to bring about a specific biochemical reaction.
  90. Products (1) - C2:1
    • a substance produced during a natural, chemical, or manufacturing process.
  91. Catalyst (1) - C2:1
    • a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without itself undergoing any permanent chemical change.
  92. Pollutant (1) - C2:1
    • a substance that pollutes something, especially water or the atmosphere.
  93. Polymer (1) - C2:1
    • a substance which has a molecular structure built up chiefly or completely from a large number of similar units bonded together.
  94. Carboxylic acid (1) - C2:1
    • an organic acid containing a carboxyl group.
  95. Halogen (1) - C2:1
    • any of the elements fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and astatine, occupying group VIIA (17) of the periodic table. They are reactive non-metallic elements which form strongly acidic compounds with hydrogen from which simple salts can be made.
  96. Alkene (1) - C2:1
    • any of the series of unsaturated hydrocarbons containing a double bond.
  97. Alcohols (1) - C2:1
    • any organic compound whose molecule contains one or more hydroxyl groups attached to a carbon atom.
  98. Organic (1) - C2:1
    • compounds containing carbon other than simple binary compounds and salts and chiefly or ultimately of biological origin.
  99. Cracking (1) - C2:1
    • decompose hydrocarbons by heat and pressure with or without a catalyst to produce lighter hydrocarbons, especially in oil refining.
  100. Fraction (1) - C2:1
    • each of the portions into which a mixture may be separated according to a physical property such as boiling point or solubility.
  101. Industry (1) - C2:1
    • economic activity concerned with the processing of raw materials and manufacture of goods in factories.
  102. Mobile phase (1) - C2:1
    • flows through the stationary phase and carries the components of the mixture with it.
  103. Fermentation (1) - C2:1
    • he chemical breakdown of a substance by bacteria, yeasts, or other microorganisms, typically involving effervescence and the giving off of heat.
  104. Resource (1) - C2:1
    • is a source or supply from which a in benefit is produced.
  105. Global dimming (1) - C2:1
    • is the gradual reduction in the amount of global direct irradiance at the Earth's surface.
  106. Fuel (1) - C2:1
    • material such as coal, gas, or oil that is burned to produce heat or power.
  107. Unsaturated (1) - C2:1
    • organic molecules having carbon–carbon double or triple bonds and therefore not containing the greatest possible number of hydrogen atoms.
  108. Litmus paper (1) - C2:1
    • paper stained with litmus which is used to indicate the acidity or alkalinity of a substance.
  109. Combustion (1) - C2:1
    • rapid chemical combination of a substance with oxygen, involving the production of heat and light.
  110. Alkane (1) - C2:1
    • saturated hydrocarbons with all the carbons occupied by a hydrogen.
  111. Oxidation (1) - C2:1
    • the addition of oxygen to a substance in order to form an oxide.
  112. Ionisation (1) - C2:1
    • the addition or removal of an electron to create an ion.
  113. Temperature (1) - C2:1
    • the degree or intensity of heat present in a substance or object.
  114. Separation (1) - C2:1
    • the division of something into constituent or distinct elements.
  115. Atmosphere (1) - C2:1
    • the envelope of gases surrounding a planet, held in place by its gravitational pull.
  116. Emissions (1) - C2:1
    • the production and discharge of something, especially gas or radiation.
  117. Crude oil (1) - C2:1
    • the remains of an ancient biomass consisting mainly of plankton that was buried in mud.
  118. Environment (1) - C2:1
    • the surroundings or conditions in which a person, animal, or plant lives or operates.
  119. Boiling Point (1) - C2:1
    • the temperature at which a liquid boils and turns to vapour.
  120. Dissolve (1) - C2:1
    • when particles of solid become incorporated into a liquid to make a solution.
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