| Method |
Precise Learning Objective |
Linked |
Question / Activity
(Designed for maximum working out) |
Stepping Stones |
Pitstop Check
(Thinking Map) |
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Anaerobic respiration in muscles is represented by the equation:
glucose -> lactic acid |
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What equation represents anaerobic respiration in muscle cells? GF Why is it important to warm up and warm down before and after vigorous exercise? |
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As the oxidation of glucose is incomplete in anaerobic respiration much less energy is transferred than in aerobic respiration. |
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Why is less energy produced in anaerobic respiration compared to aerobic respiration? |
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Anaerobic respiration in plant and yeast cells is represented by the equation:
glucose -> ethanol carbon dioxide |
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What equation shows the anaerobic respiration in plant and yeast cells? |
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Anaerobic respiration in yeast cells is called fermentation and has economic importance in the manufacture of bread and alcoholic drinks |
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What is anaerobic respiration in yeast cells also known as and why has it got economic importance? |
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During exercise the human body reacts to the increased demand for energy. |
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What does the body react to during exercise? Slow mo of Usain Bolt - point out how he holds his breath - ask how he can possibly keep energy going to his muscles without O2. |
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The heart rate, breathing rate and breath volume increase during exercise to supply the muscles with more oxygenated blood. |
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What changes happen in the cardiovascular system when exercise increases and why? |
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If insufficient oxygen is supplied anaerobic respiration takes place in muscles. |
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When does anaerobic respiration take place in muscles? Investigate how the type of sugar affects the rate of anaerobic respiration.
IV - sugar
DV - Time
CV - conc / vol of solution (50mL) / amount of yeast (50mL) / same starting temperature (35%) half kettle water and half tap water.
Mix yeast and sugar solution in a conical flask, cover with balloon to compare the rate of the carbon dioxide production (qualitative) |
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The incomplete oxidation of glucose causes a build up of lactic acid and creates an oxygen debt. |
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What causes oxygen debt? |
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During long periods of vigorous activity muscles become fatigued and stop contracting efficiently. |
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What happens to the muscles during long periods of vigorous activity? |
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(HT only) Blood flowing through the muscles transports the lactic acid to the liver where it is converted back into glucose. |
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(HT) How is lactic acid converted back to glucose? |
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(HT only) Oxygen debt is the amount of extra oxygen the body needs after exercise to react with the accumulated lactic acid and remove it from the cells. |
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(HT) What is the oxygen debt? |
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Metabolism is the sum of all the reactions in a cell or the body. |
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How can metabolism be described? |
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The energy transferred by respiration in cells is used by the organism for the continual enzyme controlled processes of metabolism that synthesise new molecules. |
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How are respiration and metabolism linked? |
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Metabolism includes: a) conversion of glucose to starch, glycogen and cellulose, b) the formation of lipid molecules from a molecule of glycerol and three molecules of fatty acids. C) ? the use of glucose and nitrate ions to form amino acids which in turn are used to synthesise proteins. d) respiration. e) breakdown of excess proteins to form urea for excretion |
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What processes are included in metabolism? |
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Be able to explain the importance of sugars, amino acids, fatty acids and glycerol in the synthesis and breakdown of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids. |
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Why are sugars, amino acids, fatty acids and glycerol important in the synthesis of new materials? |
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