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Precise Learning Objective |
Linked |
Question / Activity
(Designed for maximum working out) |
Stepping Stones |
Pitstop Check
(Thinking Map) |
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The many hydrocarbons in crude oil may be separated into fractions, each of which contains molecules with a similar number of carbon atoms, by fractional distillation. |
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How can crude oil be separated into fractions? Demo:
1. Distillation of ethanol and water.
2. Fractional distillation of crude oil
Class activity:
Model distillation of pupils using their heights to represent carbon chain length. |
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The fractions can be processed to produce fuels and feedstock for the petrochemical industry. |
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Why is it useful to separate crude oil into fractions? show a range of images of products made from hydrocarbons (plastics, Vaseline, bitumen, jet fuel, black seagulls (red heron) make up.
Ask students to consider how their lives would be different if we didn't have access to crude oil |
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Many of the fuels on which we depend for our modern lifestyle, such as petrol, diesel oil, kerosene, heavy fuel oil and liquefied petroleum gases, are produced from crude oil. |
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What type of fuels are produced from crude oil? |
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Many useful materials on which modern life depends are produced by the petrochemical industry, such as solvents, lubricants, polymers, detergents. |
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What are three examples of useful materials produced by the petrochemical industry? |
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The vast array of natural and synthetic carbon compounds occur due to the ability of carbon atoms to form families of similar compounds. |
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Why is it possible to produce such a vast array of products from crude oil? GF: Compare the process of forming different polymers from crude oil similar to proteins synthesis. |
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Students should be able to explain how fractional distillation works in terms of evaporation and condensation. |
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How does fractional distillation separate crude oil into fractions? EW: Use a flow map to plan and then "Explain how crude oil is separated." |
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Knowledge of the names of other specific fractions or fuels is not required. |
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Some properties of hydrocarbons depend on the size of their molecules, including boiling point, viscosity and flammability. These properties influence how hydrocarbons are used as fuels. (WS) Investigate the properties of different hydrocarbons. |
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What factor of effects a hydrocarbons boiling point, viscosity and flammability? |
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Students should be able to recall how boiling point, viscosity and flammability change with increasing molecular size. |
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How does boiling point, viscosity and flammability change with increasing molecular size? EW: Describe how the properties of hydrocarbons changes as their carbon chain length increases |
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