| Method |
Precise Learning Objective |
Linked |
Question / Activity
(Designed for maximum working out) |
Stepping Stones |
Pitstop Check
(Thinking Map) |
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Some atomic nuclei are unstable. |
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What is meant by the term 'unstable' in terms of atomic nuclei? |
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The nucleus gives out radiation as it changes to become more stable. This is a random process called radioactive decay. |
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How can a nucleus become more stable in terms of radiation? |
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Activity is the rate at which a source of unstable nuclei decays. |
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What is meant by the term 'activity' in terms of decay? |
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Activity is measured in becquerel (Bq) |
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What is radioactive activity measured in? |
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Count-rate is the number of decays recorded each second by a detector (eg Geiger-Muller tube). |
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What is the definition of 'count rate' and what piece of equipment can measure it? |
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An alpha particle (α) is this consists of two neutrons and two protons, it is the same as a helium nucleus |
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What are the different types of nuclear radiation that can be emitted and what is each made up of? Model alpha, beta, gamma and neutron decay using plasticine and/or stop frame animation. Models should show the atom before and after decay as well as the radiation emitted. |
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A beta particle (β) is a high speed electron ejected from the nucleus as a neutron turns into a proton |
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What is a beta particle (β)? |
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A gamma ray (γ) is electromagnetic radiation from the nucleus |
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What is a gamma ray (γ)? |
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The nuclear radiation emitted may be also be a neutron (n). |
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What is released during nuclear fission? |
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Alpha is stopped by a few centimeters of air or a sheet of paper. |
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What will stop the alpha radiation? Demonstrate the penetration of alpha, beta and gamma radiation. Link the penetration of each type of radiation to the nature of the radiation and the uses of the radioactive sources. |
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Beta is stopped by a few millimeters of aluminium |
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What will stop the Beta radiation? Plan an experiment to determine the type of radiation emitted by an unknown radioactive source. Produce a risk assessment for this experiment. |
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Gamma rays are stopped by a few centimeters of lead or a few meters of concrete. |
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What will stop the Gamma radiation? |
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Gamma rays are the least ioninsing, because they are not charged. |
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Relative to alpha and beta, how ionising is gamma radiation? |
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Alpha particles are the most ioninsing as they have a charge of plus 2. |
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Relative to beta and gamma, how ionising is alpha radiation? |
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Students should be able to apply their knowledge to the uses of radiation and evaluate the best sources of radiation to use in a given situation. |
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What are the different uses of radiation? |
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