AFL/Key Questions:
- What sub-celluar structures are found in most animal cells?
Most animal cells have the following parts: a nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, mitochondria, ribosomes. - What additional sub-celluar structures do plant cells often have?
In addition to the parts found in animal cells, plant cells often have: chloroplasts, permanent vacuole filled with cell sap, cell wall. - What are plant and algal cell walls made of to strengthen the cell?
Plant and algal cells also have a cell wall made of cellulose, which strengthens the cell. - How are each of the following sub-ceullular structures related to their functions: nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, mitochondria, ribosomes, and plasmids (bacterial cells)?
Nuclues - controls activities of the cell, contains DNA.
Cytoplasm - site of chemical reactions, liquid for substances to diffuse/move.
Cell membrane - controls movement of substances in and out of cells, partially permeable mebrane.
Mitochondria - site of respiration, large surface area to volume ratio from folds.
Chloroplasts - site of photosynthesis, contains chlorophyll to absorb light energy.
Ribosomes - site of protein synthesis, they are very small.
Plasmids - single loops of DNA, control activity of the cell. - What is the estimated size of an ant, the diameter of a hair, the length of a leaf cell, the size of a red blood cell, the length of bacterium, the size of a virus, the diameter of DNA and the size of a carbon atom.
The estimated size of an ant 3mm, the diameter of a hair 100um, the length of a leaf cell 70um, the size of a red blood cell 7um, the length of bacterium 1um, the size of a virus 100nm, the diameter of DNA 2.5nm and the size of a carbon atom 0.34nm.
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