11th Sep '25

Multiple Choice 2015-16

Question	Answer	Point
Why do cells require energy?	Cells require energy in order to fulfill their function.	Cells require energy in order to fulfill their function.
How do cells obtain energy?	All cells obtain energy through respiration.	All cells obtain energy through respiration.
Where in a cell does most respiration happen in a cell?	Most respiration happens in the mitochondria of a cell.	Most respiration happens in the mitochondria of a cell.
What is respiration in terms of particles?	Respiration is the breaking breakdown of large particles which contain lots of energy into smaller particles containing less energy. The extra energy is released from the chemical reaction is used by the cell.	Respiration is the decomposing (breaking down) of large particles which contain lots of energy into smaller particles containing less energy. The extra energy is released from the chemical reaction is used by the cell.
In terms of energy, what type of reaction is respiration?	Respiration is an exothermic reaction.	Respiration is an exothermic reaction.
What do cells need for respiration?	For respiration cells need Glucose (sugar) and oxygen.	For respiration cells need Glucose (sugar) and oxygen.
What is the most common type of respiration in plants and animals?	Most animals and plants do respiration using oxygen. This is called aerobic respiration.	Most animals and plants do respiration using oxygen. This is called aerobic respiration.
What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?	Aerobic respiration can be represented as Glucose plus Oxygen => Carbon Dioxide plus Water ( plus Energy )	Aerobic respiration can be represented as Glucose plus Oxygen => Carbon Dioxide plus Water ( plus Energy )
Why do cells switch the type of respiration they are doing?	When there isn't enough oxygen, cells can't do aerobic energy. Instead cells do anaerobic respiration.	When there isn't enough oxygen, cells can't do aerobic energy. Instead cells do anaerobic respiration.
What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration?	Anaerobic respiration can be represented as Glucose => Lactic acid ( plus Energy )	Anaerobic respiration can be represented as Glucose => Lactic acid ( plus Energy )
Why do most plants and animals do aerobic respiration, rather than anaerobic?	Anaerobic respiration releases less energy than aerobic energy.	Anaerobic respiration releases less energy than aerobic energy.
What effect does Lactic acid have?	Lactic acid causes a burning sensation in the muscle and possibly cramps.	Lactic acid causes a burning sensation in the muscle and possibly cramps.
How do we get rid of Lactic acid?	To get rid of the Lactic acid, it must be combined with oxygen to convert it back into water and carbon dioxide.	To get rid of the Lactic acid, it must be combined with oxygen to convert it back into water and carbon dioxide.
Describe what particles do in a fluid.	Particles in a fluid are always moving.	Particles in a fluid are always moving.
What is diffusion?	Diffusion is the movement of a substance from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration.	Diffusion is the movement of a substance from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration.
What is concentration?	Concentration is the number of a particular type of particle in a volume of space.	Concentration is the number of a particular type of particle in a volume of space.
How do the random movement of particles result in the movement from a higher concentration to a lower concentration?	Half of a large number is more than half of a smaller number. So more particles will travel from a larger number of particles (high concentration), than are replaced by the smaller number moving form the smaller number of particles (lower concentration).	Half of a large number is more than half of a smaller number. So more particles will travel from a larger number of particles (high concentration), than are replaced by the smaller number moving form the smaller number of particles (lower concentration).
Under what conditions does diffusion happen faster?	Diffusion happens fastest when: - there is a large surface area - there is a short distance between areas of differing concentration. - at higher temperatures.	Diffusion happens fastest when: - there is a large surface area - there is a large difference in concentration - there is a short distance between areas of differing concentration. - at higher temperatures.
Why does glucose diffuse into muscle cells from the blood?	Glucose diffuses into a muscle cell, because there is a higher concentration of glucose particles in the blood than the cell.	Glucose diffuses into a muscle cell, because there is a higher concentration of glucose particles in the blood than the cell.
Why does oxygen diffuse into muscle cells from the blood?	Oxygen diffuses into a muscle cell, because there is a higher concentration of oxygen particles in the blood than the cell.	Oxygen diffuses into a muscle cell, because there is a higher concentration of oxygen particles in the blood than the cell.
Why does carbon dioxide diffuse out of muscle cells into the blood?	Carbon dioxide diffuses out of a muscle cell, because there is a higher concentration of Carbon dioxide particles in the cell than the blood.	Carbon dioxide diffuses out of a muscle cell, because there is a higher concentration of Carbon dioxide particles in the cell than the blood.
Why does water diffuse out of muscle cells into the blood?	Water diffuses out a muscle cell, because there is a higher concentration of oxygen particles in the blood than the cell.	Water diffuses out a muscle cell, because there is a higher concentration of oxygen particles in the blood than the cell.
How can diffusion occur in and out of cells.	Diffusion occurs through the cell membrane, because there are small gaps in the membrane.	Diffusion occurs through the cell membrane, because there are small gaps in the me.
What does partially-permeable mean?	Partially-permeable allows certain particles through but not others.permeable..	Partially-permeable allows certain particles through but not others.
Why is the cell membrane referred to as partially-permeable?	The small gaps allow smaller molecules through but not larger ones. This means the membrane is partially-	These small gaps allow smaller molecules through but not larger ones. This means the membrane is partially-permeable
What are the main parts of the human circulatory?	The main parts of the human circulatory system are: - heart - blood vessels - Arteries - Veins - Capillaries - blood	Identify the main parts of the human circulatory system: - heart - blood vessels - Arteries - Veins - Capillaries - blood
Which direction do the arteries move the blood?	Arteries take blood away from the heart.	Arteries take blood away from the heart.
Which direction do the veins move the blood?	Veins take blood into the heart.	Veins take blood into the heart.
What blood vessel helps carry out exchange between the blood and cells?	Capillaries carry blood between cells.	Capillaries carry blood between cells.
What is the part of the blood made of mainly water and dissolved chemicals called?	Blood is made up of mainly water with chemicals dissolved in it. This is called plasma.	Blood is made up of mainly water with chemicals dissolved in it. This is called plasma.
What gases are dissolved in the plasma?	Carbon dioxide and some Oxygen are dissolved in the plasma.	Carbon dioxide and some Oxygen are dissolved in the plasma.
What part of the blood carries most of the oxygen?	Blood has Red Blood Cells in it to carry far more oxygen.	Blood has Red Blood Cells in it to carry far more oxygen.
What gas diffuses from the lungs into the blood?	Oxygen diffuses into the blood in the lungs.	Oxygen diffuses into the blood in the lungs.
What gas diffuses out of the blood into the lungs?	Carbon dioxide diffuses out of the blood in the lungs.	Carbon dioxide diffuses out of the blood in the lungs.
which organ does glucose enter the blood from?	Glucose mainly diffuses into the blood in the small intestine.	Glucose mainly diffuses into the blood in the small intestine.
Which organ removes excess water from the blood?	Excess water is mainly filtered out of the blood in the kidneys.	Excess water is mainly filtered out of the blood in the kidneys.
What organ is responsible for gas exchange in humans?	Gas exchange in humans occurs in the lungs.	Gas exchange in humans occurs in the lungs.
How does the air enter the lungs?	Gas enters the mouth and nose and descends down the wind pipe (trachea).	Gas enters the mouth and nose and descends down the wind pipe (trachea).
What does the wind pipe split into when it reaches the lungs?	The wind pipe splits into two Bronchi. One Bronchus to each lung.	The wind pipe splits into two Bronchi. One Bronchus to each lung.
What are the smaller tubes the bronchi split off into called?	The Bronchi split into small tubes called Bronchioles.	The Bronchi split into small tubes called Bronchioles.
What are the structures at the ends of bronchioles called?	The Bronchioles lead to the alveoli (air sacs)	The Bronchioles lead to the alveoli (air sacs)
What are the lungs adapted to do for gas exchange?	Lungs are adapted to speed up gas exchange.	Lungs are adapted to speed up gas exchange.
What adaptation does the alveoli give to help gas exchange?	The many Alveoli give the lungs a huge internal surface area.	The many Alveoli give the lungs a huge internal surface area.
How does a large surface area help gas exchange?	Alveoli's large surface area allows more particles to travel at the same time.	Alveoli's large surface area allows more particles to travel through at the same time.
What surrounds the alveoli?	There is a good blood supply surrounding the alveoli.	Alveoli have good blood supply.
Why does a good blood supply improve the rate of gas exchange?	Alveoli's good blood supply maintains the difference in concentration.	Alveoli's good blood supply maintains the difference in concentration as oxygen is taken away and carbon dioxide delivered quickly.
How thick are the alveoli?	Alveoli walls are only one cell thick.	Alveoli walls are only one cell thick.
Why does the thin alveoli wall help gas exchange?	Alveoli's one cell thick walls reduces the distance the particles have to travel between the air and the blood.	Alveoli's one cell thick walls reduces the distance the particles have to travel between the air and the blood.
What part of the human body is the thorax?	The chest cavity from the diagram up is called the Thorax.	The chest cavity from the diaphragm up is called the Thorax.
What is the function of the ribs?	The ribs form a stiff boundary to the thorax.	The ribs form a stiff boundary to the thorax.
What parts of the body are needed to ventilate the lungs in breathing?	The rib cage, intercostal muscles and diaphragm are used to breathe.	The rib cage, intercostal muscles and diaphragm are used to breathe.
What happens to increase the volume of the lungs?	To move air into the lungs the rib cage is moved out and up by the intercostal muscles contracting. The diaphragm contracts and sinks.	To move air into the lungs the rib cage is moved out and up by the intercostal muscles contracting. The diaphragm contracts and sinks.
How does the increase in lung volume cause breathing in?	The increase in the volume of the lungs, reduces the air pressure in the lungs to lower than the air outside, pulling air particles into the lungs..	The increase in the volume of the lungs, reduces the air pressure in the lungs to lower than the air outside, pulling air particles into the lungs.
What happens to decrease the volume of the lungs?	To move air out of the lungs the rib cage is moved in and down by the intercostal muscles relaxing. The diaphragm relaxes and rises.	To move air out of the lungs the rib cage is moved in and down by the intercostal muscles relaxing. The diaphragm relaxes and rises.
How does the decrease in lung volume cause breathing out?	The decrease in the volume of the lungs, increases the air pressure in the lungs to lower than the air outside, pushing the air particles out of the lungs.	The decrease in the volume of the lungs, increases the air pressure in the lungs to lower than the air outside, pushing the air particles out of the lungs.
How does air pressure make air particles move?	When there is a difference in pressure between the air around the nose and the air in the lungs, particles will 'diffuse' from the area of high pressure the area of lower pressure.	When there is a difference in pressure between the air around the nose and the air in the lungs, particles will 'diffuse' from the area of high pressure the area of lower pressure.
How could you measure lung volume?	You could use lung volume bags to measure the air breathed out.	Make simple measurements of lung volume.
What change to the amount of different gases needed and expelled when exercising?	When humans exercise, more oxygen is required for respiration and more carbon dioxide needs to be expelled.	When humans exercise, more oxygen is required for respiration and more carbon dioxide needs to be expelled.
What changes with the heart when oxygen is needed more quickly?	When humans exercise heart (pulse) rate increases to supply more blood to the lungs.	When humans exercise heart (pulse) rate increases to supply more blood to the lungs.
What changes with the breathing when oxygen is needed more quickly?	When humans exercise we breath faster and deeper to supply more air to the lungs.	When humans exercise we breath faster and deeper to supply more air to the lungs.
What does asthma do to the breathing tubes?	Asthma is caused by inflammation (swelling) of the breathing tubes that carry air in and out of the lungs.	Asthma is caused by inflammation (swelling) of the breathing tubes that carry air in and out of the lungs.
How does asthma affect breathing?	This inflammation makes the breathing tubes narrower and so restricts speed at which air can enter the lungs.	This inflammation makes the breathing tubes narrower and so restricts speed at which air can enter the lungs.
Name the three main chemicals in tobacco smoke that can reduce the oxygen pumped around the body?	Tobacco smoke contains: - Tar - Nicotine - Carbon monoxide	Tobacco smoke contains: - Tar - Nicotine - Carbon monoxide
What does tar do to the lungs?	The tar lines the surface of the lungs.	The tar lines the surface of the lungs.
How does tar affect how well the body can get oxygen?	The tar adds a barrier which slows down diffusion.	The tar adds a barrier which slows down diffusion.
How is the reactivity of carbon monoxide compared to oxygen?	Carbon monoxide is more reactive than oxygen.	Carbon monoxide is more reactive than oxygen.
How does carbon monoxide affect how well the body can get oxygen?	Carbon monoxide takes the place of oxygen on the red blood cells, leaving less oxygen to be transported to the cells.	Carbon monoxide takes the place of oxygen on the red blood cells, leaving less oxygen to be transported to the cells.
How does nicotine affect how well the body can get oxygen?	Nicotine is addictive - it causes a smoker to want more cigarettes. Nicotine also increases the heart rate and blood pressure, and makes blood vessels narrower than normal. This can lead to heart disease.	Nicotine is addictive - it causes a smoker to want more cigarettes. Nicotine also increases the heart rate and blood pressure, and makes blood vessels narrower than normal. This can lead to heart disease.

Mod	Number of Questions
0S	10
1B	10
1C	10
1P	10
BI	5