4th Sep '25

Schemes of Work

4P
- 4P.1
  - Overview
    - T: Key Learning points:
      
      - Waves transfer energy from one place to another.
      
      - When a object absorbs a wave it gains energy.
      
      - The gained energy will either make it hotter or make it vibrate.
      
      DESIRABLE:
      - The amount of energy absorbed is affected by the frequency of wave.
  - Lesson 01 - What is a wave? Lesson Plan Lesson Title
    - T: Waves transfer energy from one place to another, but generally not matter (particles). - KS3.P.29
      - Suggested Activity:
        Use lengths of string to model the movement of waves
        Equipment Required:
        1 meter lengths of string x16 for class
        1 large slinky
    - T: Without energy the water level is said to be at the equilibrium point. - KS3.P.29
    - W: When the energy is increased the displacement from equilibrium point will increase. - KS3.P.29
    - T: The maximum displacement is called the amplitude. - KS3.P.29
    - T: The highest points of a (transverse) wave are known as peaks, the lowest points are called troughs. - KS3.P.29
    - T: The distance between like places on a wave, such as peak-to-peak or trough-to-trough, is known as the wavelengths. Wavelength is measured in metres (m). - KS3.P.29
    - H: SET HOMEWORK: Wordsearch - KS3.P.29
  - Lesson 02 - How can waves behave? Lesson Plan Lesson Title
    - W: Ripple tanks can be used to see how water waves behave. This allows us to predict how other waves will behave.
      - Suggested Activity:
        Use mini ripple tank with webcam.
        Equipment Required:
        Mini ripple tank
    - W: The peaks can be seen as wave fronts in a ripple tank.
    - T: Waves on water as undulations which travel through water with transverse motion as the wave moves horizontally but the water moves up and down. - KS3.P.29
      - Suggested Activity:
        Mexican Waves
    - W: Water waves can be reflected. This is when waves bounce off an object. - KS3.P.29
      - Suggested Activity:
        Metal strip at an angle in ripple tank.
        Equipment Required:
        Mini ripple tank etc
    - W: Water waves can be refracted. This is when waves change direction.
      - Suggested Activity:
        Perspex shape in ripple tank
        Equipment Required:
        Mini ripple tank etc
    - W: Water waves can be diffracted. This is when waves spread out through a gap.
      - Suggested Activity:
        Two metal strips in line with small gap between in ripple tank
        Equipment Required:
        Mini ripple tank etc
    - D: Research rogue waves.
      
      https://www.google.co.uk/search?q=rogue waves - KS3.P.29
      - Suggested Activity:
        Use computers in S7
    - W: Water waves can add or cancel - superposition:
      
      When peaks meet you get bigger peaks. When a peak meets a trough then they cancel out. - KS3.P.29
      - Suggested Activity:
        http://www.acs.psu.edu/drussell/Demos/superposition/superposition.html
        
        http://www.acs.psu.edu/drussell/Demos/superposition/pulses.gif
- 4P.2
  - Lesson 03 - Skill focus: Planning Lesson Plan Lesson Title
    - A: ENQUIRY: Planning
      
      - Aim: To find out how the depth of water affects the speed of a wave.
      - Hypothesis: That the depth of water affects the speed of a wave.
      - Suggested Activity:
        Demo enquiry
        Equipment Required:
        1 x tray with no lip filled with water
        1 x stop clock
  - Lesson 04 - Skill focus: Data collection Lesson Plan Lesson Title
    - A: ENQUIRY: Data collection
      
      Drop one end of a tray of water and time how long it takes for the wave to travel 5 lengths of the tray.
    - T: Zero Error: Most rulers do not start at zero on their end.
      
      Zero is a type of systematic error as the error is the same for every measurement (if same ruler is used)
    - H: SET HOMEWORK:
      eg. Finish graph
  - Lesson 05 - Skill focus: Analysis Lesson Plan Lesson Title
    - A: ENQUIRY: Analysis
- 4P.3
  - Lesson 06 - Halfway Review Lesson Plan Lesson Title
    - A: Review of 4P.1
      - Suggested Activity:
        https://www.mrcorfe.com/Hamble/Questions/4P.1
- 4P.4
  - Lesson 07 - What is sound? Lesson Plan Lesson Title
    - W: Sound is produced by vibrations of objects. - KS3.P.32
      - Suggested Activity:
        Tuning forks in water.
        https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VCERs0v1OoI
        Equipment Required:
        Tuning forks
        Plastic beakers of water
    - T: The number of vibrations (waves) in a bit of time is known as the frequency of a wave. - KS3.P.30
    - T: Frequency is measured in hertz (Hz) which means number per second. - KS3.P.30
    - W: The higher the frequency of sound, the higher the pitch. - KS3.P.30
      - Suggested Activity:
        http://onlinetonegenerator.com/hearingtest.html
    - T: An oscilloscope can be used to view the the very fast changing signals produced by a microphone or signal generator.
      - Suggested Activity:
        https://i.ytimg.com/vi/52zUwQsJqM8/maxresdefault.jpg
        Equipment Required:
        Oscilloscope, sig gen,
        speaker
    - W: The closer the peaks on an oscilloscope the higher the frequency of the signal and therefore the wave.
    - T: The taller the peaks on an oscilloscope the higher the amplitude of the signal and therefore wave.
    - W: The higher the amplitude of the wave, the more energy in the wave and therefore the louder the sound.
    - A: Students can describe both the wave and the sound from a oscilloscope trace.
      - Suggested Activity:
        CRO.ppt
    - H: SET HOMEWORK:
      Learn Definitions of keywords
      (Crossword) and revise (Flashcards)
  - Lesson 08 - Do all animals hear the same? Lesson Plan Lesson Title
    - T: The auditory range of humans is from 20 Hz to 20 kHz. - KS3.P.33
      - Suggested Activity:
        http://onlinetonegenerator.com/hearingtest.html
    - W: Animals have different auditory ranges to that of humans. - KS3.P.33
      - Suggested Activity:
        make different sized ears from cardboard to represent adaptations to hearing
        Equipment Required:
        Hearing Range Powerpoint
    - T: Sound frequencies above the hearing range of humans are called ultrasound. - KS3.P.34
    - T: Ultrasound can be used to pass on energy and therefore be used for cleaning and physiotherapy. - KS3.P.34
    - T: The sound energy is absorbed by the dirt, setting it vibrating and is so is shaken off.
      
      In physiotherapy the sound energy is absorbed by deep tissue injuries and stimulates blood circulation and cell activity. - KS3.P.30
    - W: Ultrasound reflections can be used to image unborn babies. - KS3.P.30
  - Lesson 09 - How does Sound travel? Lesson Plan Lesson Title
    - W: Sound is produced by the back and forth vibrations of objects such as loudspeaker diaphragm. - KS3.P.32
      - Suggested Activity:
        Signal generator and speaker with polystyrene balls on top.
        Equipment Required:
        Signal generator and speaker with polystyrene balls on top
    - T: Sound waves are longitudinal as the motion of the particles is along the direction the wave is travelling. - KS3.P.32
      - Suggested Activity:
        Hawaiian-Mexican wave
    - W: Sound needs a medium of particles to travel, as the energy in sound waves is passed on by the collision of particles. - KS3.P.31
      - Suggested Activity:
        Airzooka to extinguish candle
        
        Bell in Bell jar with vacuum pump.
        Equipment Required:
        Airzooka
        Candle
        Bell in Bell jar with vacuum pump.
    - T: Sound travels fastest in solids and slowest in gasses. - KS3.P.31
      - Suggested Activity:
        Thought exp:
        Long plastic tube filled with water hit at one end.
        Three separate sounds
    - W: Sound travels fastest in solids as the particles are closest together and so the collisions are passed on faster.
      
      Sound travels slowest in gasses as the particles are farthest apart and so the collisions are passed on slower. - KS3.P.31
    - W: When air particles vibrating with sound energy collide with a microphone diaphragm or an ear drum, their energy is passed on. - KS3.P.32
      - Suggested Activity:
        Build diagram from loudspeaker to ear, with air particles in between.
    - D: The sound energy is absorbed by the diaphragm and ear drum. - KS3.P.30
    - The microphone and the inner ear transform the sound energy into electrical signals. - KS3.P.34
    - H: SET HOMEWORK:
      Revise keyword meaning and concepts for POO.
  - Lesson 10 - What is the speed of sound? Lesson Plan Lesson Title
    - D: Echoes are just the reflection of a sound wave with an big enough time delay, such that your brain separates the sound into two distinct events. - KS3.P.30
    - D: Measuring the speed of sound (using echoes). - KS3.P.30
      - Suggested Activity:
        Starting pistol and flag or
        Clapper board / trays on field.
        
        OR
        
        http://www.nuffieldfoundation.org/practical-physics/measuring-speed-sound-using-echoes
        
        Order trundle wheel
        Equipment Required:
        wooden blocks (sound)
        Trundle wheel
        Stopclocks
    - W: Speed = distance / time
      
      With reflections / echoes the sound travels twice the distance of the person making the sound and the wall. - KS3.P.31
      - Suggested Activity:
        To set up the task:
        https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7YmuOD5X4L8
        
        To explain:
        https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bJj4Wjjf0WI
- 4P.5
  - Lesson 11 - Progress Observation Opportunity Lesson Plan Lesson Title
    - A: Progress Observation Opportunity - KS3.P.29
      - Suggested Activity:
        Breaking wineglass with voice, to set up the task. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7YmuOD5X4L8
        
        To explain:
        https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bJj4Wjjf0WI&t=126s
  - Lesson 12 - Progress Reflection Lesson Plan Lesson Title
    - W: Reflection - KS3.P.29