4th Sep '25

Schemes of Work

7P
- 7P.1
  - Lesson 01 - Is light a wave and what determines the colour of light? Lesson Plan Lesson Title
    - T: The maximum displacement is called the amplitude. - KS3.P.29
    - T: The distance between like places on a wave, such as peak-to-peak or trough-to-trough, is known as the wavelengths. Wavelength is measured in metres (m). - KS3.P.29
      - Suggested Activity:
        Starter: draw and label a transverse wave (recall from previous topic)
    - T: Waves transfer energy from one place to another, but generally not matter (particles). - KS3.P.29
    - Water waves and light waves are transverse waves, because the displacement is perpendicular to the direction of the wave. - KS3.P.35
      - Suggested Activity:
        Use string to model the movement of transverse waves (link back to sound waves being transverse)
        Equipment Required:
        long lengths of string for paired work
        selection of slinkies
    - When light (or waves) waves change speed they change direction. This is called refraction. - KS3.P.40
      - Suggested Activity:
        Refraction light
        Equipment Required:
        prisms
        ray boxes
        slit cards
        power supplies
    - Light waves can travel through a vacuum. - KS3.P.36
    - Light is called electromagnetic radiation. - KS3.P.35
    - When all colours of light mix they add up to form white light. - KS3.P.40
      - Suggested Activity:
        Splitting white light class set
        Equipment Required:
        60 deg triangle prisms
        ray boxes
        slit cards
        power supplies
    - W: The different colours of light are refracted (bend) different amounts.
      Red is refracted the least, Violet is refracted the most. - KS3.P.40
    - T: The different colours have different frequencies of light. - KS3.P.40
    - T: The higher the frequency of light, the more it is refracted by the prism. - KS3.P.40
    - Light waves do not involve particles, they are displacements in electrical and magnetic fields. - KS3.P.35
      - Suggested Activity:
        Bell in Bell jar and vacuum pump
        focus on object in the jar as still being able to be seen by the light
        Equipment Required:
        Electric Bell in Bell jar
        Power supply
        Vacuum pump
        Lamp on other side of bell jar
    - W: The higher the frequency the higher the energy of the wave. - KS3.P.40
      - Suggested Activity:
        Create a wave in a rope or rubber tubing. Which takes more energy to create, a rapidly changing wave (high frequency) or a slowly changing wave
        Equipment Required:
        Long (~3m) Rope or rubber tube
    - W: Red has the lowest frequency (of visible light).
      Violet has the highest frequency (of visible light) - KS3.P.40
    - The speed of light through a vacuum is always 3x10^8 m/s - KS3.P.36
    - W: Red has the lowest energy (of visible light).
      Violet has the highest energy (of visible light) - KS3.P.40
    - When colours of paint are mix they subtract, forming brown. - KS3.P.40
      - Suggested Activity:
        https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/color-vision/latest/color-vision_en.html
- 7P.2
  - Lesson 02 - What happens when light bounces off a surface? Lesson Plan Lesson Title
    - W: When a wave encounters a material it is either:
      reflected;
      absorbed or;
      transmitted - KS3.P.37
      - Suggested Activity:
        Thought exp:
        What could happen when an attacking rugby player becomes comes in contact with a defensive player. NB Stopped means energy is absorbed
    - Light (waves) travels in straight lines. We use rays to show this. - KS3.P.38
    - W: When a wave is reflected from an object like a mirror, the angle of reflection equals the angle of incidence. - KS3.P.37
      - Suggested Activity:
        Ray diagrams with mirrors
        Equipment Required:
        Ray boxes
        Slit cards
        Protractors
        Mirrors
        Mirror holders
        Power packs
    - W: Use of ray model to explain imaging in mirrors - KS3.P.38
      - Suggested Activity:
        Ray diagrams with mirrors to form image.
    - When a wave is reflected from an object like a mirror, it is called specular reflection. - KS3.P.37
    - In specular reflection rays are reflected at a consistent angle, allowing an image to be formed. - KS3.P.37
    - Diffuse scattering occurs when rays are reflected from a surface in a variety of angles. - KS3.P.37
      - Suggested Activity:
        Discuss the viewing angle of a projector screen - people can see what is reflecting from the screen all around the room. So the rays of light must be reflecting in all directions.
        Is there a particular angle it is brighter? There is probably a bright spot if the projector is illuminating a whiteboard.
    - Differential colour effects in absorption and diffuse reflection - KS3.P.40
      - Suggested Activity:
        Light from a ray box reflecting of different colour paper
        
        NB: We only have 5 data loggers so it advisable to have half the class doing the previous
        Equipment Required:
        Ray boxes
        Power supplies
        Data loggers light meters
        10 Different colours of paper sqaures
- 7P.3
  - Lesson 03 - What happens when light travels through a surface? Lesson Plan Lesson Title
    - Mini enquiry into the effects of refraction. - KS3.P.37
      - Suggested Activity:
        Light from a ray box through tracing paper as it travels through glass block.
        
        students plan, carry out and write a conclusion for the data.
        Equipment Required:
        Ray boxes
        Power supplies
        Data loggers light meters
        Tracing paper
- 7P.4
  - Lesson 04 - How does light get into the eye? Lesson Plan Lesson Title
    - The eye consists of an: iris; pupil; cornea; lens; retina; and optic nerve. - KS3.P.38
    - Light enters the eye through the pupil. - KS3.P.38
    - The pupil changes size to keep the amount of light energy entering the eye constant. - KS3.P.38
      - Suggested Activity:
        In pairs one cover an eye for 15s then uncover so partner can see pupil shrink.
        
        https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DW2iwEshWME
    - Light is refracted so that rays of light from the one place on the object reaches only one place on the retina. This creates a focused (clear) and bright image. - KS3.P.38
    - The cornea and the lens are convex in shape and so focus the light. - KS3.P.38
    - A lens can collect the rays that enter it and concentrate them to a single point on the screen, forming a bright, focused image. - KS3.P.38
    - The retina has specialised cells that sense / detect light energy by having chemicals that are destroyed when they absorb the light energy. - KS3.P.38
      - Suggested Activity:
        Look at a bright light and then close eyes to 'see' coloured shapes.
    - D: The cell uses the amount of chemical left to send a message to the brain in the form of electrical energy. - KS3.P.38
- 7P.5
  - Lesson 05 - Review Lesson Plan Lesson Title
    - Review - KS3.P.29
      - Suggested Activity:
        https://www.mrcorfe.com/Hamble/Questions/7P
- 7P.6
  - Lesson 06 - Homework Questions Lesson Plan Lesson Title
    - ES H: Use of ray model to explain imaging in pinhole cameras. - KS3.P.38
      - Suggested Activity:
        Making Pin hole cameras:
        
        1 small hole
        3 small holes
        1 large hole
        1 large hole lens
        Equipment Required:
        Pin hole camera
        12V filament bulbs
        power packs
        Optical Pins
    - Light transfers energy from source to absorber. - KS3.P.39
    - The energy absorbed can lead to chemical effects such photosensitive chemicals in photo films. - KS3.P.39
      - Suggested Activity:
        http://www.rsc.org/learn-chemistry/resource/res00000454/making-a-photographic-print?cmpid=CMP00005166
        Equipment Required:
        Each demonstration (or pair of students) requires 0.1 M solutions of:
        Potassium chloride, 10 cm3
        Potassium bromide, 5 cm3
        Potassium iodide, 5 cm3
        Silver nitrate, 10 cm3
        
        Protective gloves (preferably nitrile gloves)
        A square of white paper, about 10 x 10 cm, or a filter paper of similar size
        Small paint brushes, 2
        Test-tubes, 3
        Test-tube rack
        Hairdryer (Note 1)
    - ES H: With one small hole, a pinhole camera gives a faint image that is in focus.
      
      This is because only a single ray can enter the camera so there is not much light so the image is dim, but only image is formed so it is clear (focused) image - KS3.P.38
    - ES H: The energy absorbed can lead to chemical changes in cells such as those in the back of the eye.- the retenia. - KS3.P.39
    - ES H: With three small holes, a pinhole camera gives three faint image that are in focus.
      
      It works in the same way as a single hole, but a different angle so the images are offset from each other. - KS3.P.38
    - Light is refracted first by the cornea and then by the lens. - KS3.P.38
    - H: When light is absorbed by a charged surface, the charge can leak away. - KS3.P.39
      - Suggested Activity:
        DEMO photovoltaic effect (work function) with gold leaf electroscope, Zinc plate & UV lamp?
        
        https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=muxRZ1irsrk
        Equipment Required:
        Gold leaf electroscope
        Plastic rod
        Duster
        Zinc plate
        UVC lamp
    - ES H: With a large hole, a pinhole camera gives a bright out of focus image.
      
      A big hole can be thought of as thousands of small holes joined together. So thousand of images are produced on the screen slightly offset from one another forming a blurred, out of focused image. - KS3.P.38
    - H: The change in electrical charge can be measured by a circuit to produce a picture. ie a digital camera sensor (CCD) - KS3.P.39
      - Suggested Activity:
        Explain using visualiser