B2.4 Keywords

Theory (2) - B2:2

a supposition or a system of ideas intended to explain something.

Evolution (2) - B2:2

the process by which different kinds of living organism are believed to have developed from earlier forms during the history of the earth.

Risks (1) - B2:1

Things that could bring about harm or damage.

Population (1) - B2:1

a community of organisms among whose members interbreeding occurs.

Characteristics (1) - B2:1

a feature or quality of an organism used to identify them.

Species (1) - B2:1

a group of living organisms consisting of similar individuals capable of exchanging genes or interbreeding.

Antibiotics (1) - B2:1

a medicine (such as penicillin or its derivatives) that inhibits the growth of or destroys microorganisms.

Cuttings (1) - B2:1

a piece cut from a plant for propagation.

Genus (1) - B2:1

a principal taxonomic category that ranks above species and below family, and is denoted by a capitalized Latin name, e.g. Leo.

MRSA (1) - B2:1

a strain of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.

Chromosomes (1) - B2:1

a thread-like structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.

Benefits (1) - B2:1

advantages or profits made from something.

Organism (1) - B2:1

an individual animal, plant, or single-celled life form.

Embryo (1) - B2:1

an unborn or unhatched offspring in the process of development.

Interbreeding (1) - B2:1

breeding between species in order to form viable offspring.

Selective breeding (1) - B2:1

breeding certain plants or animals together in order to pass on desired characteristics

Modification (1) - B2:1

changes or adaptations made to something.

Allele (1) - B2:1

each of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome.

Recessive (1) - B2:1

heritable characteristics controlled by genes which are expressed in offspring only when inherited from both parents.

Dominant (1) - B2:1

heritable characteristics which are controlled by genes that are expressed in offspring even when inherited from only one parent.

Cloning (1) - B2:1

making identical copies of an organism or item.

Geological (1) - B2:1

relating to the study of the earth's physical structure and substance.

Decay (1) - B2:1

rot or decompose through the action of bacteria and fungi.

Inheritance (1) - B2:1

something that is passed on.

Classification (1) - B2:1

the arrangement of animals and plants in taxonomic groups according to their observed similarities

Taxonomy (1) - B2:1

the branch of science concerned with classification, especially of organisms.

Mutations (1) - B2:1

the changing of the structure of a gene, resulting in a variant form which may be transmitted to subsequent generations, caused by the alteration of single base units in DNA, or the deletion, insertion, or rearrangement of larger sections of genes or chromosomes.

Genome (1) - B2:1

the complete set of genes or genetic material present in a cell or organism.

Genetic engineering (1) - B2:1

the deliberate modification of the characteristics of an organism by manipulating its genetic material.

Variation (1) - B2:1

the differences between organisms of the same species.

Speciation (1) - B2:1

the formation of new and distinct species in the course of evolution.

Tissue culture (1) - B2:1

the growth of cells derived from living tissue in an artificial medium.

Kingdom (1) - B2:1

the highest category in taxonomic classification.

Natural selection (1) - B2:1

the process whereby organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring.

Fossils (1) - B2:1

the remains or impression of a prehistoric plant or animal embedded in rock and preserved in petrified form.

Gene pool (1) - B2:1

the stock of different genes in an interbreeding population.

Resistant (1) - B2:1

to be unaffected by something.

Extinction (1) - B2:1

when there are no members of a species left living.