C2.2 Keywords
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with the same functional group but differing in composition by a fixed group of atoms.
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Hydrocarbon
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a molecule consisting of only hydrogen and carbon.
Homologous
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a series of chemical compounds
Aqueous solution
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a solution where the solvent is water.
Equilibrium
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a state in which a process and its reverse are occurring at equal rates so that no overall change is taking place.
Synthetic
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a substance made by chemical synthesis, especially to imitate a natural product.
Enzymes
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a substance produced by a living organism which acts as a catalyst to bring about a specific biochemical reaction.
Products
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a substance produced during a natural, chemical, or manufacturing process.
Catalyst
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a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without itself undergoing any permanent chemical change.
Polymer
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a substance which has a molecular structure built up chiefly or completely from a large number of similar units bonded together.
Carboxylic acid
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an organic acid containing a carboxyl group.
Halogen
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any of the elements fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and astatine, occupying group VIIA (17) of the periodic table. They are reactive non-metallic elements which form strongly acidic compounds with hydrogen from which simple salts can be made.
Alkene
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any of the series of unsaturated hydrocarbons containing a double bond.
Alcohols
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any organic compound whose molecule contains one or more hydroxyl groups attached to a carbon atom.
Organic
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compounds containing carbon other than simple binary compounds and salts and chiefly or ultimately of biological origin.
Cracking
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decompose hydrocarbons by heat and pressure with or without a catalyst to produce lighter hydrocarbons, especially in oil refining.
Fraction
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each of the portions into which a mixture may be separated according to a physical property such as boiling point or solubility.
Industry
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economic activity concerned with the processing of raw materials and manufacture of goods in factories.
Fermentation
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he chemical breakdown of a substance by bacteria, yeasts, or other microorganisms, typically involving effervescence and the giving off of heat.
Fuel
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material such as coal, gas, or oil that is burned to produce heat or power.
Unsaturated
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organic molecules having carbon–carbon double or triple bonds and therefore not containing the greatest possible number of hydrogen atoms.
Combustion
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rapid chemical combination of a substance with oxygen, involving the production of heat and light.
Alkane
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saturated hydrocarbons with all the carbons occupied by a hydrogen.
Oxidation
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the addition of oxygen to a substance in order to form an oxide.
Ionisation
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the addition or removal of an electron to create an ion.
Separation
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the division of something into constituent or distinct elements.
Crude oil
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the remains of an ancient biomass consisting mainly of plankton that was buried in mud.
Boiling Point
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the temperature at which a liquid boils and turns to vapour.
Dissolve
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when particles of solid become incorporated into a liquid to make a solution.