| Method |
Precise Learning Objective |
Linked |
Question / Activity
(Designed for maximum working out) |
Stepping Stones |
Pitstop Check
(Thinking Map) |
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Traditionally drugs were extracted from plants and microorganisms. |
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Where are drugs traditionally extracted from? Use images of foxgloves and willow with the questions "where are drugs extracted from?" |
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The heart drug digitalis originates from foxgloves. |
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Which plant does the heart drug digitalis orginate from? |
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The painkiller aspirin originates from willow. |
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Which plant does the painkiller aspirin orginate from? |
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Penicillin was discovered by Alexander Fleming from the Penicillium mould. |
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Who discovered pneicillin and from what? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0ZWjzcsTd5M
watch the video and highlight the key points in a circle map |
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Most new drugs are synthesised by chemists in the pharmaceutical industry. However, the starting point may still be a chemical extracted from a plant. |
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How are most new drugs synthesised by chemists? |
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New medical drugs have to be tested and trialled before being used to check that they are safe and effective. |
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Why are new drugs tested and trialled before being used? |
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Preclinical testing is done in a laboratory using cells, tissues and live animals. |
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What happens during preclinical testing? Discuss drug safety and how drugs are tested today. |
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Clinical trials use healthy volunteers and patients.
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What happens during clinical trials? |
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Very low doses of the drug are given at the start of the clinical trial. |
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What level of dose is used at the start of the clinical trial? Think, Pair Share possible effects if the dosage was incorrect. List ideas in a circle map. |
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If the drug is found to be safe, further clinical trials are carried out to find the optimum dose for the drug. |
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If the new drug is found to be safe during the initial clinical trial what do scientists do to the dosage? |
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In double blind trials, some patients are given a placebo. |
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What does a double blind trial mean? |
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Students understand that the results of testing and trials are published only after scrutiny by peer review. (WS) |
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What is the final stage of the drug trial? |
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Students should be able to describe the process of discovery and development of potential new medicines, including preclinical and clinical testing. |
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What are the stages involved in developing a new drug? Watch a video that show the stages of preclinical trials https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fYfp4IdVsXI
Summarise the key steps using a flow map or a cartoon strip style. |
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