| Method |
Precise Learning Objective |
Linked |
Question / Activity
(Designed for maximum working out) |
Stepping Stones |
Pitstop Check
(Thinking Map) |
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Students should be able to describe how monoclonal antibodies are produced. |
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(Bio only) How are monoclonal antibodies produced? Research MAB production and uses using ABPI and cancer research websites. Draw a flow diagram to describe how MABs are produced. |
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Monoclonal antibodies are produced from a single clone of cells. |
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(Bio only) How many clone of cells produce monoclonal antibodies |
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The antibodies are specific to one binding site on one protein antigen and so are able to target a specific chemical or specific cells in the body. |
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(Bio only) Why are monoclonal antibodies important? Discussion – would you choose to be treated with MABs?
EW: Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of MABs. |
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Antibodies are produced by stimulating mouse lymphocytes to make a particular antibody. |
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(Bio only) How can monoclonal antibodies produced? GF: What are the the power and limitations the technological applications of science
EW: evaluate risks in relation to MABs. |
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The lymphocytes are combined with a particular kind of tumour cell to make a cell called a hybridoma cell. The hybridoma cell can both divide and make the antibody. |
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(Bio only) How are hybridoma cells made and why are they useful? model method for monoclonal antibodies |
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Single hybridoma cells are cloned to produce many identical cells that all produce the same antibody. |
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(Bio only) Why are single hybridoma cells cloned? |
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A large amount of the antibody can be collected and purified. |
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(Bio only) Why is the use of hybridoma cells important? |
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Students should be able to describe some of the ways in which
monoclonal antibodies can be used.
* Appreciate the power of monoclonal antibodies and consider any ethical issues (WS). |
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(Bio only) What ethical issues are there in the use of monochlonal antibodies? |
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Some examples [of monoclonal antibodies] include:
? for diagnosis such as in pregnancy tests
? in laboratories to measure the levels of hormones and other chemicals in blood, or to detect pathogens
? in research to locate or identify specific molecules in a cell or tissue
by binding to them with a fluorescent ?dye to treat some diseases (e.g. cancer) |
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(Bio only) List 6 ways that monoclonal antibodies can be used |
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Monochlonal antibodies are used to treat cancer. The antibody can be
bound to a radioactive substance, a toxic drug or a chemical which
stops cells growing and dividing. |
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(Bio only) How can monochlonal diseases be used to treat cancer? |
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Monochlonal antibodies deliver the substance to the
cancer cells without harming other cells in the body. |
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(Bio only) Does the use of monochlonal antibodies harm other cells in the body? |
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Students are not expected to recall any specific tests or treatments but given appropriate information they should be able to explain how they work. |
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(Bio only) List examples of how monoclonal antibodies are useful as treatments or tests. |
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Monoclonal antibodies create more side effects than expected. They are not yet as widely used as everyone hoped when they were first developed. |
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(Bio only) What are the disadvantages of using monoclonal antibodies? |
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* Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of monoclonal antibodies. |
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(Bio only) What are the advantages of monoclonal antibodies? Marketplace activity: provide stations with information sheets and diagrams. Students fill in a summary table and use info to create a poster:
• for diagnosis, eg to bind to HCG in pregnancy tests
• to measure levels of hormones and chemicals in the blood
• to locate specific molecules in a cell using a fluorescent dye
• to treat some diseases, eg to deliver a chemical to cancer cells without harming healthy cells. |
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