| Method |
Precise Learning Objective |
Linked |
Question / Activity
(Designed for maximum working out) |
Stepping Stones |
Pitstop Check
(Thinking Map) |
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Students should be able to describe DNA as a polymer made from four different nucleotides. |
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What is DNA? |
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A sequence of three bases is the code for a particular amino acid. |
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What controls which amino acid is made during protien synthesis? |
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The order of bases controls the order in which amino acids are assembled to produce a particular protein. |
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What controls which protien is made during protien synthesis? Give possible codons for the 24 amino acids. Produce base sequence (in multiples of 3) (ending in stop codon).
Extension - propose changes to base sequence, some that have no effect on amino acid sequence, so that would cause a point mutation and the effects of an insertion or deletion. Get them to comment on the significance of each mutation. |
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The long strands of DNA consist of alternating sugar and phosphate sections. Attached to each sugar is one of the four bases |
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What are the different parts of DNA strcuture? |
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The DNA polymer is made up of repeating nucleotide units. Interpret a diagram of DNA structure but will not be required to reproduce it. |
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What is the structure of a DNA polymer? |
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(HT only) Students should be able to recall a simple description of protein synthesis
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What are the steps in protein synthesis? What happens in these steps? |
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explain simply how the structure of DNA affects the protein made |
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How does the structure of DNA affect the protien that is made during protien synthesis? |
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describe how genetic variants may influence phenotype: a) in coding DNA by altering the activity of a protein: and b) in non-coding DNA by altering how genes are expressed |
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How do genetic variants influence a persons phenotype through coding DNA and non coding DNA? |
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(HT only) In the complementary strands a C is always linked to a G on the opposite strand and a T to an A. |
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What are the DNA base pairs? |
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(HT only) Students are not expected to know or understand the structure of mRNA, tRNA, or the detailed structure of amino acids or proteins. |
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(HT only) Students should be able to explain how a change in DNA structure may result in a change in the protein synthesised by a gene |
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How can a change in DNA structure result in a change in the protein synthesised by a gene? |
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(HT only) Proteins are synthesised on ribosomes, according to a template. |
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Where does protein synthesis take place in a cell? |
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(HT only) Carrier molecules bring specific amino acids to add to the growing protein chain in the correct order |
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What is the role of a carrier molecule in protein synthesis? |
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(HT only) When the protein chain is complete it folds up to form a unique shape. This unique shape enables the proteins to do their job as enzymes, hormones or forming structures in the body such as collagen. |
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Why is a proteins unique shape important? Separates Only: Storyboard / flow chart / stop-frame animation of the process of protein synthesis.
GF: Explain how a change in base sequence can lead to a change in properties of a protein, linked to the shape of the protein. |
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