4th Sep '25

Schemes of Work

5P
- 5P.1
  - Lesson 01 - How do we store energy in a spring? Lesson Plan Lesson Title
    - W: A spring will deform (stretch or compression) until the tension balances the load placed upon it. - KS3.P.26
      - Suggested Activity:
        How does a spring balance (Newton Meter) work?
        
        Why does it go to the same place on the scale each time the same force is applied?
    - D: Make measurements of spring in compression as force is changed - KS3.P.19
      - Suggested Activity:
        Thread a compression spring over a weight hanger and then put weights on top.
        Equipment Required:
        Compression spring
        Weight hanger
    - W: When a spring (or any object) is deformed elastically it will go back to its original shape. - KS3.P.21
    - T: When a spring (or any object) is deformed elastically, there is work done as kinetic energy is transformed into elastic (strain) potential energy. - KS3.P.21
      - Suggested Activity:
        Energy transfer diagram for stretching a Y - shaped catapult.
    - W: The elastic (strain) potential energy can be retrieved as the object returns to it shape, normally in the form of kinetic energy. - KS3.P.21
      - Suggested Activity:
        Energy transfer diagram for releasing a Y - shaped catapult.
    - When a spring (or any object) is deformed plastically it will not go back to its original shape. - KS3.P.20
    - When a spring (or any object) is deformed plastically kinetic energy is used to overcome the forces between particles.
      
      This energy ends up as thermal energy as the particles are vibrating more. - KS3.P.20
    - While in the linear region of a force-extension graph, the spring is obeying Hooke's Law and the deformation is elastic.
      
      Past the limit of proportionality, the spring does not obey Hooke's Law and is being plastically deformed. - KS3.P.20
      - Suggested Activity:
        Show:
        http://www.a-levelphysicstutor.com/matter-elasticity.php
        
        YES THIS WAS A' LEVEL!
  - Lesson 02 - What is a machine? Lesson Plan Lesson Title
    - A machines transmits a force from one place or object to another. - KS3.P.06
    - Simple machines give bigger force but at the expense of smaller movement (and vice versa) - KS3.P.06
    - Simple machines include:
      - Ramps
      - Levers
      - Pulleys
      - Wedge
      - Screw - KS3.P.06
      - Suggested Activity:
        Identify common place devices as the type of simple machine.
        
        eg. Scissors as a double level.
        Equipment Required:
        Scissors
        Claw hammer and nail
        Screwdriver and paint tin
        Corkscrew and bottle opener
        Nut cracker
        Tin opener
        Door Wedge(Wood)
        Ramp and wooden block
        Block and tackle
    - The product of force and displacement is work done.
      
      Work done is also known as energy transferred.
      
      The unit of work done is therefore Joules. - KS3.P.06
    - The 'energy transferred in' is equal to the work done. - KS3.P.06
    - Aim: To find out how the number of pulleys affects the force required to lift a 6N load.
      
      Secondary Aim: To find out how the number of pulleys affects the distance moved of Effort and Load.
      
      Tertiary Aim: To find out how the number of pulleys affects the input work done vs output work done.
      - Suggested Activity:
        Pulleys and masses on retort stand.
        
        Change:
        - Number of pulleys
        
        Measure:
        - Input force
        - (Output force)
        - Distance Effort moves
        - Distance Load moves
        
        Calculate:
        - Input work done
        - Output work done
        - Efficiency perhaps
        
        This is best set up as a circus with different numbers of pulleys, so that the students do not have to rethread pulley systems.
        Equipment Required:
        Pulleys and masses on retort stand.
        One each of
        1:1
        1:2
        1:3
        1:4
        1:5 ratios of pulleys
        with 6N on the load end and Newton meter on the effort end.
    - Use physical processes and mechanisms, and energy changes, to explain the intermediate steps that bring about changes conditions of a system - KS3.P.11
      - Suggested Activity:
        Use forces and force loops and energy to describe:
        - Rollercoasters
        - Breaking (of a car)
        - Internal combustion engine
  - Lesson 03 - What is a lever? Lesson Plan Lesson Title
    - When a force is applied offset from a pivot, the force produces a turning effect.
      
      This turning effect is known as a 'moment'. - KS3.P.17
    - W: The size of a moment proprtional to two factors:
      -the size of the force applied
      -the perpendicular distance from the pivot to the line of action of the force - KS3.P.17
      - Suggested Activity:
        Experiment with levers and pivots.
        
        Turning effect w/s Page 1
    - W: The size of a moment is the product of the size of the force applied and the perpendicular distance from the pivot to the line of action of the force - KS3.P.17
      - Suggested Activity:
        Turning effect w/s Page 2: Will the levers balance?
        Equipment Required:
        moments hangers
        yellow masses
    - W: The SI units of a moment are Newton Metres (Nm), although Ncm are commonly used. - KS3.P.17
  - Lesson 04 - What is Atmospheric Pressure? Lesson Plan Lesson Title
    - Pneumatic machines use gas pressure to create movement. - KS3.C.01
      - Suggested Activity:
        Look at steam engine pistons.
        
        Demo with syringe
        Equipment Required:
        Different diameter syringes connected with tube (air filled). One syringe in while the other is out.
    - Gas pressure is caused by particles (in a gas) bouncing off a surface. - KS3.C.01
    - Atmospheric pressure is caused by the weight of air above. - KS3.P.23
      - Suggested Activity:
        Crushing can
        Equipment Required:
        Pepsi can
        Bowl of water
    - Atmospheric pressure, decreases with increase of height as weight of air above decreases with height - KS3.P.23
      - Suggested Activity:
        Show graph:
        
        https://www.google.co.uk/images?q=atmospheric pressure vs altitude
        
        Write conclusion, and explain in terms particles.
    - Pressure measured by ratio of force over area - acting normal to any surface. - KS3.P.25
      - Suggested Activity:
        Pupils calculate the pressure they exert on the floor.
        
        Drawing around shoes on square paper to measure contact area.
        
        Weighting students on newton scales.
        Equipment Required:
        Newton calibratated weight scales
        Square paper
  - Lesson 05 - How do Cartesian Divers work? Lesson Plan Lesson Title
    - T: Hydraulic machines use liquid pressure to create movement. - KS3.P.23
    - Pressure in fluids is caused by the collision of particles on the surface of an object. - KS3.P.23
      - Suggested Activity:
        Make Cartesian Divers
        Equipment Required:
        Straws
        Plasticine
        2l Bottles and lids
    - D: Make a Cartesian Diver<OL>
      Cut a straw 3-4 cm long
      Block one end with plastince
      Make a weight belt of plasticine so that the diver just float under the surface of water</OL>
      Record observations for Diver.
      Explain the observations. - KS3.P.23
      - Suggested Activity:
        Observations:
        When the bottle is squeezed the diver sinks.
    - T: The magnitude of the pressure in liquids is equal to the weight of water above the object. - KS3.P.24
    - W: The pressure in liquids increases with depth. - KS3.P.24
      - Suggested Activity:
        Draw a sketch graph of the relationship.
    - The size of the upthrust force is equal to the weight of the water displaced by the object. - KS3.P.24
    - An object will sink until enough water is displaced to produce an upthrust to balance it's weight. - KS3.P.24
    - If the weight of the object is greater than the upthrust produced the object will sink. - KS3.P.24
    - If the weight of the object is equal to the upthrust produced the object will float. - KS3.P.24
    - The density of water is 1kg/l = 1g/ml - KS3.P.24
      - Suggested Activity:
        Measure a measuring cylinder of water after taring with just the cylinder on Jewelry balances.
        Equipment Required:
        (Jewelry) balances
    - Objects which are less dense than water will displace a greater weight of water than they have. Therefore they will float. - KS3.P.24
      - Suggested Activity:
        Sample calculations.
    - Objects which are more dense than water will displace a smaller weight of water than they have. Therefore they will sink. - KS3.P.24
      - Suggested Activity:
        Sample calculations.
        Predict if objects will float given weights and volumes.
        
        How much of an object will be submerged.
- 5P.2
  - Lesson 06 - Skill focus: Planning and Data Collection Lesson Plan Lesson Title
    - PLANNING & DATA COLLECTION
      Aim: To find out how the load in a boat affects the boat's draft (amount of boat under water).
      - Suggested Activity:
        Plastic beaker inside glass beakers.
        Equipment Required:
        250 ml beakers
        galley pots
        10g masses
        rulers
  - Lesson 07 - Skill focus: Conclusions and Evaluations Lesson Plan Lesson Title
    - CONCLUSIONS and EVALUATION:
      Aim: To find out how the load in a boat affects the boat's draft (amount of boat under water).
      - Suggested Activity:
        Gradient of line should relate to the diameter of the boat beaker.
- 5P.3
  - Lesson 08 - Halfway Review Lesson Plan Lesson Title
    - Review of 5P.1 - KS3.P.03
      - Suggested Activity:
        https://www.mrcorfe.com/Hamble/Questions/5P.1
        Equipment Required:
        x
- 5P.4
  - Lesson 09 - How do we power our homes? Lesson Plan Lesson Title
    - Most homes are heated with natural gas. This is piped to most homes through a national grid, although Rural homes may have a gas tank. - KS3.P.05
    - T: Non-Renewable Energy Resources include:
      - Coal
      - Oil
      - Gas
      - Nuclear - KS3.P.05
    - Homes used to be powered by oil. Some homes are still are. There is no national oil pipe network. - KS3.P.05
    - Most of the other appliances in the home are powered by electricity. - KS3.P.05
    - Electricity is generated in Power Stations which harness an 'Energy Resource'. - KS3.P.05
    - T: Renewable Energy Resources include:
      - Wind
      - Wave
      - Hydro
      - Tidal
      - Solar
      - Biomass
      - Geothermal - KS3.P.05
    - W: Most thermal power stations convert Chemical (or Nuclear) Energy into thermal by burning and then into Electrical Energy
      (Intermediate steps optional). - KS3.P.05
      - Suggested Activity:
        Draw an Energy Transfer Diagram for a thermal power station.
        
        Steam engine attached to SEP demo board.
    - W: Most non-thermal power stations convert Kinetic Energy into Electrical Energy
      (Intermediate steps optional). - KS3.P.05
      - Suggested Activity:
        Draw an Energy Transfer Diagram for a non-thermal power station.
    - W: Solar power stations convert Light Energy into Electrical Energy directly. - KS3.P.05
      - Suggested Activity:
        SEP demo board & lamp.
        Equipment Required:
        SEP demo board & lamp.
        (Energy transfer kit)
        
        Steam engine
  - Lesson 10 - How much does the energy we use cost? Lesson Plan Lesson Title
    - D: Comparing power ratings of domestic appliances in watts (W, kW) - KS3.P.02
      - Suggested Activity:
        Can we see any patterns in the data in the memory anchor?
        
        Sort into categories based on power rating or use.
        
        Excel file to sort on power rating.
    - W: Heating appliances use a lot of energy. - KS3.P.02
    - W: The amount of energy transferred by an appliance depends on the power rating of the appliance and the duration. - KS3.P.03
    - W: Energy = power x time - KS3.P.03
      - Suggested Activity:
        Combine and convert proportionalities to an equality.
    - D: Sample calculations to include: J, kJ, kWhour units. - KS3.P.03
      - Suggested Activity:
        Cost of energy worksheet
    - T: A unit of electrical energy is the same as a kilowatt hour (kWh). - KS3.P.04
    - T: The amount of electrical energy used by a customer is measured by an electrical meter. - KS3.P.04
      - Suggested Activity:
        Meter readings
        Equipment Required:
        Energy meters
        Examples of electrical items
        hairdryers, cd player, toaster, kettles etc
    - W: The cost of electricity is equal to number of units x cost per unit. - KS3.P.04
    - T: The cost of an electrical unit is around 15p.
      
      The cost of Gas is around 4p per kWh, which is why it is preferred for heating applications. - KS3.P.04
      - Suggested Activity:
        https://www.confusedaboutenergy.co.uk/index.php/domestic-fuels/fuel-prices
- 5P.5
  - Lesson 11 - Assessment Lesson Plan Lesson Title
    - Progress Observation Opportunity
  - Lesson 12 - Reflection Lesson Plan Lesson Title
    - Reflection