4th Sep '25

Schemes of Work

P2
- P2.2
  - Lesson 01 - How can speed be calculated? Lesson Plan Lesson Title
    - Distance is how far an object moves. Distance does not involve direction.
    - Speed does not involve direction. Speed is a scalar quantity.
    - Distance is a scalar quantity.
    - The speed of a moving object is rarely constant. When people walk,
      run or travel in a car their speed is constantly changing.
    - Displacement includes both the distance an object moves, measured in a straight line from the start point to the finish point and the direction of that straight line.
    - The speed at which a person can walk, run or cycle depends on many
      factors including: age, terrain, fitness and distance travelled.
      Typical values may be taken as:
      walking ? 1.5 m/s
      running ? 3 m/s
      cycling ? 6 m/s.
    - Displacement is a vector quantity.
    - Students should be able to recall typical values of speed for a person
      walking, running and cycling as well as the typical values of speed for
      different types of transportation systems.
    - Students should be able to express a displacement in terms of both the
      magnitude and direction.
    - It is not only moving objects that have varying speed. The speed of
      sound and the speed of the wind also vary.
    - A typical value for the speed of sound in air is 330 m/s
    - Students should be able to make measurements of distance and time
      and then calculate speeds of objects.
      - Suggested Activity:
        Demo:
        Use data logger with trolley to investigate variables that affect speed of trolley (remember to lift the trolley when returning to the start position)
        Equipment Required:
        Data loggers
        Laptop with software
        Light gates
        Ramps
        Diff. surfaces
        Trolleys
        Metre Rulers
    - (MS) For an object moving at constant speed the distance travelled in a
      specific time can be calculated using the equation:
      distance travelled = speed ? time
      s = v t
      distance, s, in metres, m
      speed, v, in metres per second, m/s
      time, t, in seconds, s
    - (MS) Students should be able to calculate average speed for non-uniform motion.
  - Lesson 02 - What is the difference between velocity and speed? Lesson Plan Lesson Title
    - The velocity of an object is its speed in a given direction.
    - If an object moves along a straight line, the distance travelled can be represented by a distance?time graph.
    - Velocity is a vector quantity.
    - The speed of an object can be calculated from the gradient of its distance?time graph.
    - Students should be able to explain the vector?scalar distinction as it applies to displacement, distance, velocity and speed.
    - (HT only) If an object is accelerating, its speed at any particular time can be determined by drawing a tangent and measuring the gradient of the distance?time graph at that time.
      - Suggested Activity:
        Demo:
        Use data logger and air track to investigate acceleration
        Equipment Required:
        air track
        air blower
        accessories box
        2 clamp stands
    - HT only) Students should be able to explain qualitatively, with examples, that motion in a circle involves constant speed but changing velocity.
  - Lesson 03 - How can graphs show a journey? Lesson Plan Lesson Title
    - Students should be able to draw distance?time graphs from measurements and extract and interpret lines and slopes of distance?time graphs, translating information between graphical and numerical form.
      - Suggested Activity:
        Model a journey - kids walk a distance-time graph
        Drawing graphs from bits of prose
        Equipment Required:
        Tape measures
        Graph paper
        Stop clocks
        Pencils
        Rulers
    - Students should be able to determine speed from a distance?time graph.
    - The average acceleration of an object can be calculated using the equation:
      acceleration = change in velocity
      time taken
      
      a = ? v t
      acceleration, a, in metres per second squared, m/s2 change in velocity, ?v, in metres per second, m/s time, t, in seconds, s
    - (Physics only) Students should be able to draw and interpret velocity?time graphs for objects that reach terminal velocity
  - Lesson 04 - How can we calculate acceleration? Lesson Plan Lesson Title
    - An object that slows down is decelerating
    - (Physics only) Students should be able to interpret the changing motion in terms of the forces acting.
    - Students should be able to estimate the magnitude of everyday accelerations.
    - The acceleration of an object can be calculated from the gradient of a velocity?time graph.
      - Suggested Activity:
        Link back to RP19 (f=ma) using light gates.
        Change mass of trolley on air track. record effect on acceleration. Calculate using the SUVAT equation
        Equipment Required:
        air track
        air blower
        flags
        2 clamp stands
        pulley system set up
    - The following equation applies to uniform acceleration:
      final velocity 2 ? initial velocity 2 = 2 ? acceleration ? distance
      v2 ? u2 = 2 a s
      final velocity, v, in metres per second, m/s initial velocity, u, in metres per second, m/s
      acceleration, a, in metres per second squared, m/s2 distance, s, in metres, m
    - Near the Earth?s surface any object falling freely under gravity has an acceleration of about 9.8 m/s2.
  - Lesson 05 - How can graphs show the relationship between velocity and time? Lesson Plan Lesson Title
    - Students should be able to draw velocity?time graphs from measurements and interpret lines and slopes to determine acceleration
      - Suggested Activity:
        Draw velocity time graphs
        Model a journey - get the kids to walk a graph.
        Equipment Required:
        Graph paper
        Pencils
        Rulers
    - (HT only) The distance travelled by an object (or displacement of an object) can be calculated from the area under a velocity?time graph
    - (HT only) interpret enclosed areas in velocity?time graphs to determine distance travelled (or displacement)
    - (HT only) measure, when appropriate, the area under a velocity?time graph by counting squares.
  - Lesson 06 - What is terminal velocity? Lesson Plan Lesson Title
    - An object falling through a fluid initially accelerates due to the force of gravity. Eventually the resultant force will be zero and the object will move at its terminal velocity.
      - Suggested Activity:
        Equitable learning
        Demo using arrows
        Brian Cox feather and bowling ball video
        Equipment Required:
        Giant sliding arrows on metre sticks