There are two forms of electrical flow:
We can use a Cathode Ray Oscilloscope (CRO) to 'see' electricity. We have already seen this when studying sound. Using a to transform sound waves into an electrical signal, we are able to see patterns in the waveform. A CRO is more commonly used in electronics to study the fast changing signals of a circuit. CROs are calibrated to allow us to measure aspects of the signal. The CRO draws a voltage-time graph on its screen. Time is on the axis and voltage on the . We can vary the scales, allowing us to measure both large and small voltages (or times). The screen is split into divisions, which we can set to correspond to different values. For example, if a battery is connected and the trace jumps 5 divisions, when we have set the CRO to 3 volts per division, the battery is outputting V. UK mains supply is about 230 volts. These a.c. traces are at the same but different peak . To work out the frequency from the trace: Count the number of waves Use the scale on the CRO to measure the amount of the total time by the number of waves, to find the period The frequency is the of the period: Frequency = 1 / Period and Period = 1 / Frequency On the traces above, if one division equals 0.25 seconds the period of the waves is and therefore the frequency of the wave is . This d.c. trace shows that the does not vary with time.
CROs are calibrated to allow us to measure aspects of the signal. The CRO draws a voltage-time graph on its screen. Time is on the axis and voltage on the . We can vary the scales, allowing us to measure both large and small voltages (or times).
The screen is split into divisions, which we can set to correspond to different values. For example, if a battery is connected and the trace jumps 5 divisions, when we have set the CRO to 3 volts per division, the battery is outputting V.
UK mains supply is about 230 volts.
These a.c. traces are at the same but different peak . To work out the frequency from the trace: Count the number of waves Use the scale on the CRO to measure the amount of the total time by the number of waves, to find the period The frequency is the of the period: Frequency = 1 / Period and Period = 1 / Frequency On the traces above, if one division equals 0.25 seconds the period of the waves is and therefore the frequency of the wave is . This d.c. trace shows that the does not vary with time.
To work out the frequency from the trace:
On the traces above, if one division equals 0.25 seconds the period of the waves is and therefore the frequency of the wave is . This d.c. trace shows that the does not vary with time.
This d.c. trace shows that the does not vary with time.
