4th Sep '25

Schemes of Work

6B
- 6B.1
  - Lesson 01 - What is Respiration? Lesson Plan Lesson Title
    - W: Cells require energy in order to fulfill their function. - KS3.B.26
    - T: All cells obtain energy through respiration. - KS3.B.26
    - A: Most respiration happens in the mitochondria of a cell. - KS3.B.26
    - T: Respiration is the decomposing (breaking down) of large particles which contain lots of energy into smaller particles containing less energy.
      
      The extra energy is released from the chemical reaction is used by the cell. - KS3.B.26
    - T: Respiration is an exothermic reaction. - KS3.B.26
    - W: For respiration cells need Glucose (sugar) and oxygen. - KS3.B.26
      - Suggested Activity:
        What do we need, so that we can do exercise?
    - W: Most animals and plants do respiration using oxygen. This is called aerobic respiration. - KS3.B.26
      - Suggested Activity:
        How are aerobic classes different from weight lifting?
        
        https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1M5-HzxswPw#t=00m35s
    - T: Aerobic respiration can be represented as
      
      Glucose plus Oxygen => Carbon Dioxide plus Water ( plus Energy ) - KS3.B.27
    - T: When there isn't enough oxygen, cells can't do aerobic energy.
      
      Instead cells do anaerobic respiration. - KS3.B.28
    - T: Anaerobic respiration can be represented as
      
      Glucose => Lactic acid ( plus Energy ) - KS3.B.28
    - T: Anaerobic respiration releases less energy than aerobic energy. - KS3.B.29
      - Suggested Activity:
        Why can't people keep on lifting heavy weights for a long time?
        
        - Car is not getting heavier.
        - Muscles are not getting smaller.
        - They can take a break, without eating anything and then start again.
        
        https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p8dp8TWnHGc#t=00m43s
    - T: Lactic acid causes a burning sensation in the muscle and possibly cramps. - KS3.B.29
    - W: To get rid of the Lactic acid, it must be combined with oxygen to convert it back into water and carbon dioxide. - KS3.B.29
      - Suggested Activity:
        Why do people continue to breathe heavily after exercise?
  - Lesson 02 - What is Diffusion? Lesson Plan Lesson Title
    - W: Particles in a fluid are always moving. - KS3.C.09
    - Diffusion is the movement of a substance from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration. - KS3.P.53
    - Concentration is the number of a particular type of particle in a volume of space. - KS3.C.09
    - Horizontally, half the particles will be moving to the left and half to the right. - KS3.C.09
    - Half of a large number is more than half of a smaller number.
      
      So more particles will travel from a larger number of particles (high concentration), than are replaced by the smaller number moving form the smaller number of particles (lower concentration). - KS3.C.09
    - T: Diffusion happens fastest when:
      - there is a large surface area
      - there is a large difference in concentration
      - there is a short distance between areas of differing concentration.
      - at higher temperatures. - KS3.C.09
      - Suggested Activity:
        Students explain why these statements are true in terms of the particle model.
    - Glucose diffuses into a muscle cell, because there is a higher concentration of glucose particles in the blood than the cell. - KS3.B.04
      - Suggested Activity:
        Draw a diagram from the description.
    - Oxygen diffuses into a muscle cell, because there is a higher concentration of oxygen particles in the blood than the cell. - KS3.B.04
    - Carbon dioxide diffuses out of a muscle cell, because there is a higher concentration of Carbon dioxide particles in the cell than the blood. - KS3.B.04
    - Water diffuses out a muscle cell, because there is a higher concentration of oxygen particles in the blood than the cell. - KS3.B.04
    - A: Diffusion occurs through the cell membrane, because there are small gaps in the me. - KS3.B.04
    - T: Partially-permeable allows certain particles through but not others. - KS3.B.04
    - W: These small gaps allow smaller molecules through but not larger ones. This means the membrane is partially-permeable - KS3.B.04
  - Lesson 03 - Where does diffusion happen in the body Lesson Plan Lesson Title
    - A: Identify the main parts of the human circulatory system:
      - heart
      - blood vessels
      - Arteries
      - Veins
      - Capillaries
      - blood - KS2.B.18
      - Suggested Activity:
        KS2 RECAP
    - A: Arteries take blood away from the heart. - KS2.B.18
    - A: Veins take blood into the heart. - KS2.B.18
    - A: Capillaries carry blood between cells. - KS2.B.18
    - A: Blood is made up of mainly water with chemicals dissolved in it. This is called plasma. - KS2.B.18
    - A: Carbon dioxide and some Oxygen are dissolved in the plasma. - KS2.B.18
    - A: Blood has Red Blood Cells in it to carry far more oxygen. - KS2.B.18
    - W: Oxygen diffuses into the blood in the lungs. - KS3.B.04
    - W: Carbon dioxide diffuses out of the blood in the lungs. - KS3.B.04
    - W: Glucose mainly diffuses into the blood in the small intestine. - KS3.B.04
    - T: Excess water is mainly filtered out of the blood in the kidneys. - KS3.B.04
- 6B.2
  - Lesson 04 - Skill focus: Planning Lesson Plan Lesson Title
    - Exercise enquiry
      PLANNING:
      Aim: How does duration / type of exercise affect pulse / breath rate - KS3.C.10
  - Lesson 05 - Skill focus: Data collection Lesson Plan Lesson Title
    - Exercise enquiry
      DATA COLLECTION
      Aim: How does duration / type of exercise affect pulse / breath rate - KS3.C.10
  - Lesson 06 - Skill focus: Analysis Lesson Plan Lesson Title
    - Exercise enquiry
      ANALYSIS & EVALUATION:
      Aim: How does duration / type of exercise affect pulse / breath rate - KS3.C.10
- 6B.3
  - Lesson 07 - Halfway Review Lesson Plan Lesson Title
    - Review of 6B.1
      - Suggested Activity:
        https://www.mrcorfe.com/Hamble/Questions/6B.1
- 6B.4
  - Lesson 08 - How are the lungs adapted to allow gas exchange? Lesson Plan Lesson Title
    - Gas exchange in humans occurs in the lungs. - KS3.B.16
    - Gas enters the mouth and nose and descends down the wind pipe (trachea). - KS3.B.16
      - Suggested Activity:
        Label diagram from description
    - The wind pipe splits into two Bronchi. One Bronchus to each lung. - KS3.B.16
      - Suggested Activity:
        Label diagram from description
    - The Bronchi split into small tubes called Bronchioles. - KS3.B.16
      - Suggested Activity:
        Label diagram from description
    - The Bronchioles lead to the alveoli (air sacs) - KS3.B.16
      - Suggested Activity:
        Label diagram from description
    - Lungs are adapted to speed up gas exchange. - KS3.B.16
      - Suggested Activity:
        Lung dissection
        Equipment Required:
        Lung
        Scalpel
        Scissors
        Forceps
        Board
        Pins
        Pump
        Dettol spray and cloth
        Gloves
    - T: The many Alveoli give the lungs a huge internal surface area. - KS3.B.16
    - W: Alveoli's large surface area allows more particles to travel through at the same time. - KS3.B.16
    - T: Alveoli have good blood supply. - KS3.B.16
    - T: Alveoli's good blood supply maintains the difference in concentration as oxygen is taken away and carbon dioxide delivered quickly. - KS3.B.16
    - T: Alveoli walls are only one cell thick. - KS3.B.16
    - T: Alveoli's one cell thick walls reduces the distance the particles have to travel between the air and the blood. - KS3.B.16
  - Lesson 09 - How do we breathe? Lesson Plan Lesson Title
    - The chest cavity from the diaphragm up is called the Thorax. - KS3.B.17
    - The ribs form a stiff boundary to the thorax. - KS3.B.17
    - The rib cage, intercostal muscles and diaphragm are used to breathe. - KS3.B.17
    - To move air into the lungs the rib cage is moved out and up by the intercostal muscles contracting. The diaphragm contracts and sinks. - KS3.B.17
    - The increase in the volume of the lungs, reduces the air pressure in the lungs to lower than the air outside, pulling air particles into the lungs. - KS3.B.17
    - To move air out of the lungs the rib cage is moved in and down by the intercostal muscles relaxing. The diaphragm relaxes and rises. - KS3.B.17
    - The decrease in the volume of the lungs, increases the air pressure in the lungs to lower than the air outside, pushing the air particles out of the lungs. - KS3.B.17
    - When there is a difference in pressure between the air around the nose and the air in the lungs, particles will 'diffuse' from the area of high pressure the area of lower pressure. - KS3.B.17
    - Make simple measurements of lung volume. - KS3.B.17
      - Suggested Activity:
        Use the lung volume bags.
  - Lesson 10 - How can gas exchange be affected? Lesson Plan Lesson Title
    - W: When humans exercise, more oxygen is required for respiration and more carbon dioxide needs to be expelled. - KS3.B.18
    - W: When humans exercise heart (pulse) rate increases to supply more blood to the lungs. - KS3.B.18
    - W: When humans exercise we breath faster and deeper to supply more air to the lungs. - KS3.B.18
    - T: Asthma is caused by inflammation (swelling) of the breathing tubes that carry air in and out of the lungs. - KS3.B.18
    - W: This inflammation makes the breathing tubes narrower and so restricts speed at which air can enter the lungs. - KS3.B.18
    - T: Tobacco smoke contains:
      - Tar
      - Nicotine
      - Carbon monoxide - KS3.B.18
      - Suggested Activity:
        Use the fact sheets to create a matrix map to show short and long term effects of smoking
        Equipment Required:
        6B.10 fact sheets
    - T: The tar lines the surface of the lungs. - KS3.B.18
    - W: The tar adds a barrier which slows down diffusion. - KS3.B.18
    - T: Carbon monoxide is more reactive than oxygen. - KS3.B.18
    - W: Carbon monoxide takes the place of oxygen on the red blood cells, leaving less oxygen to be transported to the cells. - KS3.B.18
    - T: Nicotine is addictive - it causes a smoker to want more cigarettes. Nicotine also increases the heart rate and blood pressure, and makes blood vessels narrower than normal. This can lead to heart disease. - KS3.B.18
- 6B.5
  - Lesson 11 - Progress Observation Opportunity Lesson Plan Lesson Title
    - Progress Observation Opportunity
  - Lesson 12 - Progress Reflection Lesson Plan Lesson Title
    - REFLECTION